梁平县肉鸭养殖及其产业发展
发布时间:2018-08-03 21:33
【摘要】:随着人们饮食消费观念的改变和膳食结构的调整,人们追求优质蛋白质类食品的同时,越来越多地关注食品的健康安全。鸭肉具有高蛋白、脂肪含量适中且优质、维生素B族和维生素E较丰富等特点,受到人们亲睐。鸭肉的消费量平均每年以0.4%的速度增长,随着消费量的增加,养殖逐渐由传统的养殖方式向规模化、产业化发展。我国肉鸭养殖以大型肉鸭品种为主,樱桃谷鸭占我国肉鸭饲养量的80%以上;肉鸭营养研究主要集中在蛋白质及氨基酸,能量等方面;养殖模式多种多样,网上养殖、稻-鸭养殖、林下养殖等方面研究较多。肉鸭养殖存在的问题:在育种方面,经过近十来年的发展取得了很大成果,但是与技术先进的国家相比还有一定的差距,主要表现在胸肉率较低;饲料中普遍存在农药、霉菌、重金属超标;养殖中抗生素滥用比较严重;鸭病种类增多,混合及继发感染严重等。通过对梁平县肉鸭养殖及其产业的研究,可以更全面、系统的了解梁平县肉鸭养殖和产业发展情况,有利于引导当地产业合理、健康、有序的发展,有利于降低养殖成本,加强对当地的自然环境保护,注重肉鸭产品的质量安全,同时也为肉鸭养殖的产业化发展提供参考;另外,有利于增加农民收入,丰富饮食文化生活。采取查阅资料、咨询、走访、问卷和实地考察等方式进行调查,收集资料进行整理、分析。首先,资料显示随机抽样检测梁平县内鸭饮用水36份,发现11份不合格,其中有8份浑浊度超标和2份有异味;1份铅超标和1份砷超标;硝酸盐超标的有2份;总大肠菌群超标的有8份。鸭肉其及制品的调查中有11份菌落总数超标和5份大肠菌群超标。其次,对8个乡镇肉鸭养殖户110户进行调查,发现养殖人员年龄偏大,50岁以上的占总调查数的67%左右;专业养殖户只有6户,除养鸭外兼营3种以上农活的有52户,占总调查数近一半(47.27%);养殖户认为疫病为主要的养殖风险,占总调查数的42.73%;养殖户对品种的了解普遍比较少,选择优质肉鸭品种的户数占总数最少,为12.73%。养殖场大部分处在离乡镇20km以内的村村通公路附近;鸭舍、鸭具的投入较低,基本上在10万以下;养殖规模较小,一般是在1万只以下。肉鸭养殖主要采取结合当地林地、柚树、稻田、水域的资源优势进行生产;饲养周期在30-60 d左右;每年一般养殖2-3批肉鸭,占总调查数67.27%;饲料主要通过企业或合作社购买的为45户,占总调查数40.91%;成鸭采用直接销售和合作社2种方式为主,占总调查数的79.1%。再次,分析了肉鸭产业的发展情况,对梁平县大舜水禽养殖专业合作社和重庆市梁平张鸭子食品有限公司两大水禽生产、加工龙头企业进行调查,显示梁平县大舜水禽养殖专业合作社是一家集种鸭饲养、种蛋孵化、肉鸭饲养、加工和销售为一体的专业合作社。合作社通过引进新的肉鸭品种,改变传统的养殖方式,拓宽鸭苗和成鸭的销售渠道,培育出肉用型新品种大舜麻鸭,建成了屠宰加工厂等。“合作社+农户”,能实现社会效益和经济效益的双丰收。在市场经济中,一个人就如同沧海里的一叶扁舟,合作社把众多的小船合成一条大船,抗风险能力增强。同时生产的产品质量更好,有利于养殖业的长远发展。梁平县的另一家龙头企业是重庆市梁平张鸭子食品有限公司,以生产烤、卤鸭为主,旗下的“张鸭子’是重庆的特产。采取“公司+基地+品牌”的经营模式,集生产、加工、销售于一体的公司。产业化经营,将产品的生产、加工、销售等环节连接起来,以利于规模化生产,从而形成生产、收购、运输、包装、销售等完整的产业链,有利于养殖业的长远发展。
[Abstract]:With the change of people's food consumption concept and the adjustment of dietary structure, people are paying more and more attention to the health and safety of food. Duck meat has high protein, fat content is moderate and high quality, vitamin B and vitamin E are rich and so on, and the consumption of duck meat is on average annually. With the increase of 0.4%, with the increase of consumption, the culture is gradually developed from traditional culture to scale and industrialization. Our meat duck breeding is mainly large meat ducks, Cherry Valley ducks are more than 80% of the meat ducks in our country. The research of meat duck nutrition mainly concentrates on egg white and amino acid, energy and so on. There are many kinds of breeding, rice breeding, rice duck breeding, and under forest breeding. The problem of meat duck breeding is: in the breeding, the development of the past ten years has made great achievements, but compared with the advanced countries, there is a certain gap, mainly in the lower breast meat rate, and there are widespread pesticide, mould and heavy gold in the feed. In the culture, the abuse of antibiotics is more serious, the species of duck disease is increasing, and the mixture and secondary infection are serious. Through the research on the breeding and industry of meat duck in Liangping County, it can be more comprehensive and comprehensive. The systematic understanding of the development of meat duck breeding and Industry in Liangping County is conducive to guiding the rational, healthy and orderly development of the land industry and is beneficial to the reduction of the industry. Breeding costs, strengthening the protection of the local natural environment, paying attention to the quality and safety of meat duck products, and providing reference for the industrialization of meat duck breeding; in addition, it is beneficial to increase the income of farmers and enrich the food and culture life. First, the data showed that 36 samples of drinking water in Liangping County were detected by random sampling, and 11 were unqualified, of which 8 were turbidity exceeding the standard and 2 had odors, 1 lead exceeded the standard and 1 arsenic exceeded the standard; 2 of the nitrate exceeded the standard; and 8 of the total coliform group exceeded the standard. In the investigation of duck meat and its products, 11 copies of colony total exceeded the standard and 5 Secondly, 110 households of 8 Rural meat duck farming households were investigated, and it was found that the age of the farm workers was large, and about 67% of the total number of investigations were over 50 years old; only 6 households were professional farmers, and 52 households with 3 or more kinds of farm work in addition to ducks, accounting for nearly one half (47.27%) of the total number of farmers, and the farmers believed that the disease was the main culture. The risk, accounting for 42.73% of the total number of surveys, farmers are generally less aware of the variety, and the number of high quality meat duck breeds account for the minimum number of households. Most of the 12.73%. farms are located near the villages and villages that are within 20km of the villages and towns; the duck house, the ducks' input is lower than 100 thousand, and the size of the breeding is less than 10 thousand. The meat duck breeding is mainly produced in combination with local woodland, grapefruit tree, rice field and water resources; the feeding cycle is around 30-60 D; 2-3 batches of meat ducks are generally cultured each year, accounting for 67.27% of the total number of poultry, 45 of the feed mainly purchased through enterprises or cooperatives, accounting for 40.91% of the total number of households, and direct sales and cooperation of adult ducks. 2 types of society, accounting for the total number of 79.1%., analyzed the development of the meat duck industry, and investigated the production of two large waterfowl production cooperatives in Liang Ping county and the two big waterfowl production of Chongqing city of duck food Co., Ltd., which showed that the Liang Ping County Dun Shun aquaculture professional cooperative is a kind of duck feeding. By introducing new meat duck breeds, the cooperatives can change the traditional breeding methods, widen the marketing channels of the duck and duck, cultivate the new variety of the meat type duck and build the slaughterhouse, and build a slaughtering and processing plant. "Cooperatives + farmers" can achieve social and economic benefits. In the market economy, a person is like a leaf boat in the sea. The co-operatives synthesize a large ship with a large number of small boats, and enhance the anti risk ability. At the same time, the quality of the products is better and it is beneficial to the long-term development of the breeding industry. The other leading enterprise in Liangping County is the Liang Pingzhang duck food Co., Ltd. of Chongqing city. It is a special product of Chongqing. It adopts the management mode of "company + base + brand", which combines production, processing and sales in one company. It connects the production, processing and sales of products in order to form production, purchase, transportation, packaging and sales. Such a complete industrial chain is conducive to the long-term development of aquaculture.
【学位授予单位】:长江大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:F326.3;S834
本文编号:2163057
[Abstract]:With the change of people's food consumption concept and the adjustment of dietary structure, people are paying more and more attention to the health and safety of food. Duck meat has high protein, fat content is moderate and high quality, vitamin B and vitamin E are rich and so on, and the consumption of duck meat is on average annually. With the increase of 0.4%, with the increase of consumption, the culture is gradually developed from traditional culture to scale and industrialization. Our meat duck breeding is mainly large meat ducks, Cherry Valley ducks are more than 80% of the meat ducks in our country. The research of meat duck nutrition mainly concentrates on egg white and amino acid, energy and so on. There are many kinds of breeding, rice breeding, rice duck breeding, and under forest breeding. The problem of meat duck breeding is: in the breeding, the development of the past ten years has made great achievements, but compared with the advanced countries, there is a certain gap, mainly in the lower breast meat rate, and there are widespread pesticide, mould and heavy gold in the feed. In the culture, the abuse of antibiotics is more serious, the species of duck disease is increasing, and the mixture and secondary infection are serious. Through the research on the breeding and industry of meat duck in Liangping County, it can be more comprehensive and comprehensive. The systematic understanding of the development of meat duck breeding and Industry in Liangping County is conducive to guiding the rational, healthy and orderly development of the land industry and is beneficial to the reduction of the industry. Breeding costs, strengthening the protection of the local natural environment, paying attention to the quality and safety of meat duck products, and providing reference for the industrialization of meat duck breeding; in addition, it is beneficial to increase the income of farmers and enrich the food and culture life. First, the data showed that 36 samples of drinking water in Liangping County were detected by random sampling, and 11 were unqualified, of which 8 were turbidity exceeding the standard and 2 had odors, 1 lead exceeded the standard and 1 arsenic exceeded the standard; 2 of the nitrate exceeded the standard; and 8 of the total coliform group exceeded the standard. In the investigation of duck meat and its products, 11 copies of colony total exceeded the standard and 5 Secondly, 110 households of 8 Rural meat duck farming households were investigated, and it was found that the age of the farm workers was large, and about 67% of the total number of investigations were over 50 years old; only 6 households were professional farmers, and 52 households with 3 or more kinds of farm work in addition to ducks, accounting for nearly one half (47.27%) of the total number of farmers, and the farmers believed that the disease was the main culture. The risk, accounting for 42.73% of the total number of surveys, farmers are generally less aware of the variety, and the number of high quality meat duck breeds account for the minimum number of households. Most of the 12.73%. farms are located near the villages and villages that are within 20km of the villages and towns; the duck house, the ducks' input is lower than 100 thousand, and the size of the breeding is less than 10 thousand. The meat duck breeding is mainly produced in combination with local woodland, grapefruit tree, rice field and water resources; the feeding cycle is around 30-60 D; 2-3 batches of meat ducks are generally cultured each year, accounting for 67.27% of the total number of poultry, 45 of the feed mainly purchased through enterprises or cooperatives, accounting for 40.91% of the total number of households, and direct sales and cooperation of adult ducks. 2 types of society, accounting for the total number of 79.1%., analyzed the development of the meat duck industry, and investigated the production of two large waterfowl production cooperatives in Liang Ping county and the two big waterfowl production of Chongqing city of duck food Co., Ltd., which showed that the Liang Ping County Dun Shun aquaculture professional cooperative is a kind of duck feeding. By introducing new meat duck breeds, the cooperatives can change the traditional breeding methods, widen the marketing channels of the duck and duck, cultivate the new variety of the meat type duck and build the slaughterhouse, and build a slaughtering and processing plant. "Cooperatives + farmers" can achieve social and economic benefits. In the market economy, a person is like a leaf boat in the sea. The co-operatives synthesize a large ship with a large number of small boats, and enhance the anti risk ability. At the same time, the quality of the products is better and it is beneficial to the long-term development of the breeding industry. The other leading enterprise in Liangping County is the Liang Pingzhang duck food Co., Ltd. of Chongqing city. It is a special product of Chongqing. It adopts the management mode of "company + base + brand", which combines production, processing and sales in one company. It connects the production, processing and sales of products in order to form production, purchase, transportation, packaging and sales. Such a complete industrial chain is conducive to the long-term development of aquaculture.
【学位授予单位】:长江大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:F326.3;S834
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