中国进出口木家具生态足迹核算研究

发布时间：2018-12-31 07:47

【摘要】：国内生态环境的不断恶化和林产品贸易的蓬勃发展引发了公众对贸易林产品环境影响的关注。目前,在能够反映人类经济活动生态影响的所有方法体系中,生态足迹颇受青睐,常被用作环境影响的测度指标。木家具作为中国出口量最大的木质林产品,以它为突破口的进出口商品生态足迹研究值得开展。本文通过合理利用比较分析、实地调研、问卷调查和建模计算,从综合法、投入产出法、能值足迹法、多区域投入产出法、产品用地系数矩阵法和投入产出-产品用地系数矩阵法中选择能值足迹法作为中国进出口木家具生态足迹的核算方法,确定了进出口木家具生态足迹的关键影响因素和计算所需主要参数,构建了核算模型,获取了具体的参数值,利用木家具贸易数据核算了2000-2014年中国进出口木家具的生态足迹,并分析了核算结果,说明了中国进出口木家具的环境影响。研究结果表明:1)核算模型为:EFIM=(im×UPCT×e T×se T+im×UPCE×e E×se E)/P,EFEX=(ex×UPCT×e T×se T+ex×UPCE×e E×se E)/P。2)核算模型中的主要参数值:单位产品木材消费量(UPCT)和单位产品能源耗用量(UPCE)分别为0.0913 m3/件和6.8244 kwh/件。3)2000-2014年间,中国出口木家具生产所耗木材和能源的年均量分别为2026.2392万m3和15.1455亿kwh,进口木家具生产所耗木材和能源的年均量依次为29.2221万m3和0.2184亿kwh。4)中国出口木家具生态足迹的年度值由2000年的722.5616万hm2增至2014年的2499.7753万hm2,增长了2.46倍;进口木家具生态足迹的年度值相对较小,但增长较为迅速,相应地由4.9046万hm2升至77.7620万hm2,增长了14.85倍。基于上述研究结果可知:1)能值足迹法模型可以应用于中国进出口木家具的生态足迹核算;2)核算模型中各参数值的明确是木家具生态足迹核算的前提和基础;3)2000-2014年间,中国出口木家具生产所耗木材和能源的年均量都远大于进口木家具,木家具贸易增添了国内木材与能源的供给压力;4)2000-2014年,中国进出口木家具的环境影响程度趋于强化。本研究既可为全面了解本国林产品乃至所有贸易商品的生态环境影响奠定基础,又能为后续单一贸易商品的环境影响评估提供方法参考。
[Abstract]:The deterioration of domestic ecological environment and the vigorous development of trade in forest products have aroused public concern about the environmental impact of trade in forest products. At present, ecological footprint is popular among all the methods which can reflect the ecological impact of human economic activities, and it is often used as an index to measure the environmental impact. Wood furniture is the most exported wood forest product in China. The research on ecological footprint of import and export commodities based on wood furniture is worth to be carried out. Through rational use of comparative analysis, field investigation, questionnaire survey and modeling and calculation, this paper includes comprehensive method, input-output method, emergy footprint method, multi-region input-output method. In the product land use coefficient matrix method and the input-output land use coefficient matrix method, the emergy footprint method is selected as the accounting method of the ecological footprint of Chinese import and export wood furniture. The key factors affecting the ecological footprint of import and export wood furniture and the main parameters needed for calculation were determined, and the accounting model was constructed, and the specific parameter values were obtained. The ecological footprint of China's import and export wood furniture from 2000 to 2014 was calculated by using wood furniture trade data, and the results were analyzed, and the environmental impact of China's import and export wood furniture was explained. The results show that: 1) the accounting model is EFIM= (im 脳 UPCT 脳 e T 脳 se T im 脳 UPCE 脳 E 脳 se E) / P). The main parameter values of EFEX= (ex 脳 UPCT 脳 et 脳 se T ex 脳 UPCE 脳 E 脳 se E) / P.2) accounting model: the consumption of wood per unit product, (UPCT), and energy consumption per unit product, (UPCE), are 0.0913 m3 / unit and 6.8244 kwh/, respectively, from 2000 to 2014. The average annual consumption of wood and energy for export wood furniture production in China is 20.262392 million m3 and 1.51455 billion kwh, respectively. The average annual amount of wood and energy consumed in the production of imported wood furniture was 292221 m3 and 21.84 million kwh.4, respectively. The annual value of ecological footprint of Chinese exported wood furniture increased from 7.225616 million hm2 in 2000 to 24.997753 million hm2, in 2014. Increased 2.46 times; The annual value of the ecological footprint of imported wood furniture was relatively small, but the growth was relatively rapid, rising 14.85 times from 49046 hm2 to 777620 hm2,. Based on the above results, we can know that: 1) the emergy footprint model can be applied to the ecological footprint accounting of Chinese import and export wood furniture, 2) the clear value of each parameter in the accounting model is the premise and foundation of the ecological footprint accounting of wood furniture; 3) from 2000 to 2014, the annual quantity of wood and energy consumed by China's export wood furniture production is much larger than that of imported wood furniture, and the wood furniture trade has increased the domestic wood and energy supply pressure; 4) from 2000 to 2014, the environmental impact of China's import and export wood furniture tends to intensify. This study can not only lay a foundation for understanding the ecological and environmental impacts of forest products and all traded commodities in China, but also provide a method reference for the subsequent environmental impact assessment of single traded commodities.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.6;F426.88

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