当代技术创新的经济分析

发布时间：2018-05-08 02:39

本文选题：技术创新 + 当代技术创新　；参考：《西南财经大学》2002年博士论文

【摘要】： Ⅰ 当历史的年轮接近世纪之交的时候，回首经济增长的历史，我们惊喜地发现20世纪是现代大工业蓬勃发展、技术迅速进步，科技创新高潮迭起，一浪高过一浪的时代，科技进步成为时代的鲜明特点1。尤其是千年之交凸现于美国的以信息技术的飞速发展为标志的技术大变革以及科学和技术的不断创新，正逐步形成现代经济增长的基础，并以加速度的速率推动经济增长、改善人们生活水平。这种巨大的推动作用是令人振奋的，尤其是因为我国目前的整个经济，无论是体制转型、结构调整，还是阶段嬗递、台阶攀升，都正处于这一切变化的“临界点”，二者的同时起步，意味着实现中国经济跨越发展的新机遇的来临。然而与此同时，随着中国社会主义市场经济体制建设的加快和知识经济及高技术的兴起，尽管技术创新正成为主流语汇，但还只有少数经济学家在关心技术创新尤其是当代技术创新的生成机制和实质功能。本文正是这样一种探索和尝试。 Ⅱ 本论文以探索当代美国新经济（本文中的“新经济” 是一种较宽泛意义上的理解，即“由新技术革命所推动的经济发展与增长”。因此经济史上一些重大技术革命，如由铁路、电力、汽车等推动所导致的经济发展与增长，亦可称为“新经济”2）的实质和发展趋向入手，以理性分析中国跨越式发展之路为归宿来研究当代技术创新，拟回答如下几个问题：为何技术创新对经济增长是重要的？当代技术创新有何特点？当代技术创新如何发挥其重要作用？当代技术创新发挥其重要性了吗，它会带来怎样的后果？为了发挥技术创新的重要性并积极有效地开展技术创新活动，我们应该做些什么？围绕上述问题，本文分六章（除导论外）予以回答。导论是本论文分析的概念基础。交待了本论文选题的缘起、所使用的研究方法和研究思路、以及概念性框架。之后对各相关概念及其内涵进行了讨论和界定，认为技术创新是一个内涵较为宽泛的概念，它是市场主体以追求利润最大化为目的，通过生产要素的重组和转移，建立效能更强、效率更高、费用更低的生产系统，涉及市场、组织以及科学、技术、金融、商业、法律、制度等一系列建设活动。 WP=4 第1章，通过对技术创新理论的历史回顾与简要评述，分析勾勒了经济学家对于“技术创新对经济增长及经济周期为何重要”这个问题的认识，并讨论了相关文献中存在的不足。认为技术创新是经济增长的必要而非充分条件，一般的经济增长函数及其途径往往相对忽略了经济增长的反馈效果和与之伴随的技术本身的变化而倾向于从单个要素的角度来阐述，而事实上，经济增长往往并非各单因素效应的总和，而是各因素相互作用的综合反映。随着内生增长模型对知识作用的强化，同时也为改进技术创新绩效，出现了技术推进或市场拉动的单因素论、演进理论和国家创新体系的研究综合化趋势，即推进技术创新必须有利于知识流动的制度和组织。不过，对于知识在国家创新体系内实现流动的生成机制，以及影响国民经济运行的内在机理和实质功能的综合研究依然是个空白。第2章、第3章和第4章主要回答“当代技术创新如何发挥其重要作用”的问题。第2章，揭示以信息技术为代表的当代技术创新的新的发展特点，主要是通过与历次技术革命的比较，阐释信息技术革命的特殊性——作为物质资源的信息技术本身的特性与作为经济资源的信息的特性。对历次技术革命的回顾同时也是按前述概念和结论所进行的一个经验分析，着重分析了技术创新（把从来没有过的生产要素和生产条件的“新组合”引入生产体系）过程中，，生产要素“新组合”与生产条件的反馈互动作用。并由“技术-经济范式变革”的标准判断目前正处于发展过程中的信息技术正是一次技术革命。之后，详细分析了信息技术的新特点，以期找到信息技术革命“不同反响” 之处（当然，目前还未尽显出来）的“根源”。第3章，探讨信息技术与作为经济资源的信息（知识）这一生产要素相结合、相转化的经济机制条件，以及由此产生的经济效果。认为当代技术创新具有知识产品的性质，必须有商品化、市场化、资本化和财产化的经济机制才能创造财富。这就是技术与经济相结合的内在机制。当代技术创新在上述经济机制的作用下，对经济产生了不同于传统工业经济的反馈效应，除规模经济性外，还有明显的外部经济性、范围经济性、关联经济性和速度经济性。经济机制和运行结构共同构成了当代技术创新（知识与其他生产要的“新组合”）作用于国民经济体系的高技术经济运行基础。第4章，深入探讨在当代技术创新及市场经济条件下，国民经济体系各主体通过资本运作实现整合，并详细分析了信息与资本结合从而实现自己市场价值的机理，风险资本投资过程中的信息配置、传导和流动，以及国民经济各主体亦 WP=5 即创新系统各主体之间在生产、转移和应用之间知识资源的配置关系。第5章，主要回答“当代技术创新是否发挥了其重要性”及“它会带来怎样的后果”的问题。对当代技术创新过程中经济运行的矛盾进行实证和规范分析，总结技术创新的实质功能。认为当代技术创新改变了经济周期的一些特点；当代技术创新提高了劳动生产率；还具有技术乘数效应、技术经?
[Abstract]:I
When the historical rings are close to the turn of the century, looking back on the history of economic growth, we are surprised to find that twentieth Century is the flourishing development of modern big industry, rapid technological progress, high tide of technological innovation, a wave of high tide, and the progress of science and technology become a distinctive point 1. of the times, especially the information technology of the United States, which is highlighted in the United States at the turn of the millennium. The rapid development of technology, as a symbol of great technological change and the continuous innovation of science and technology, is gradually forming the basis of modern economic growth, and promoting economic growth at the rate of acceleration and improving people's living standards. This great impetus is exciting, especially in the whole economy of our country, whether it is the system. The transformation, structural adjustment, stage transmutation and step up are all "critical points" of all the changes. At the same time, the beginning of the two is a new opportunity to realize the leap forward of China's economy. At the same time, with the acceleration of the construction of the socialist market economy and the rise of knowledge economy and high technology, the development of the socialist market economy and the rise of high technology Technological innovation is becoming the mainstream language, but only a few economists are concerned about technological innovation, especially the generation mechanism and essential function of modern technology innovation. This is a kind of exploration and attempt.
II
This paper is to explore the new economy in contemporary America (the "new economy" in this article is a broader understanding, that is, "economic development and growth driven by the new technological revolution". Therefore, some major technological revolution in the history of economy, such as the economic development and growth caused by railway, electric power, and automobile, can also be called the "new Jing". The essence and development trend of Ji "2" is started with the rational analysis of the road of China's leap forward development as a result of the study of contemporary technological innovation. The following questions are to be answered: why is technological innovation important to economic growth? What are the characteristics of the contemporary technological innovation? How does the contemporary technological innovation play its important role? The contemporary technological innovation plays its role What are the consequences? What are the consequences of it? What should we do to develop the importance of technological innovation and actively and effectively carry out technological innovation activities? In this paper, six chapters (except introduction) will be answered in this paper.
The introduction is the conceptual basis of the analysis of this paper. It deals with the origin of the topic, the method of research, the thought of the research and the conceptual framework. After that, the concepts and its connotation are discussed and defined. It is considered that the technological innovation is a broader concept, which is the main body of the market to maximize the profit. Aim to establish a production system with more efficient, more efficient and lower cost through the reorganization and transfer of the factors of production, which involves a series of construction activities, such as market, organization, science, technology, finance, commerce, law, and system.
WP=4
In the first chapter, through the historical review and brief review of the theory of technological innovation, this paper outlines the economists' understanding of the issue of "the importance of technological innovation to economic growth and the economic cycle", and discusses the shortcomings in the related literature. The economic growth function and its approach tend to ignore the feedback effect of economic growth and the changes associated with the technology itself, which tend to explain from a single factor, but in fact, economic growth is often not the sum of the single factor effects, but a comprehensive reflection of each factor.
With the enhancement of the endogenous growth model for knowledge and the improvement of the performance of technological innovation, there is a single factor theory of technological advance or market pull, the comprehensive trend of the research on the evolution theory and the national innovation system, that is, the promotion of technological innovation must be beneficial to the system and organization of the flow of knowledge. It is still a blank to study the generation mechanism of flow in the system and the internal mechanism and substantive functions that affect the operation of the national economy.
The second chapter, the third and fourth chapters, mainly answers the question of how contemporary technological innovation plays its important role.
The second chapter reveals the new characteristics of the modern technological innovation represented by information technology, mainly through the comparison with the previous technological revolution, to explain the particularity of the information technology revolution - the characteristics of the information technology itself as the material resources and the characteristics of the information as the economic resource.
The review of the previous technological revolution is also an empirical analysis based on the previous concepts and conclusions, focusing on the feedback interaction between the "new combination" of production elements and the production conditions in the process of technological innovation (the new combination of production factors and production conditions that have never been done). The standard judgment of the economic paradigm change is now a technological revolution in the process of development. After that, the new features of information technology are analyzed in detail so as to find the "root" of the "different repercussions" of the information technology revolution (of course, at present).
The third chapter discusses the combination of information technology and the production elements of economic resources (knowledge), the economic mechanism of phase transformation and the resulting economic effect. It is considered that the modern technological innovation has the nature of knowledge products, and the economic mechanism of commercialization, marketization, capitalization and property can create wealth. It is the internal mechanism of the combination of technology and economy.
Under the action of the above-mentioned economic mechanism, contemporary technological innovation has produced feedback effect to the economy, which is different from the traditional industrial economy. In addition to the scale economy, there are obvious external economy, scope economy, related economy and speed economy. The economic mechanism and the operation structure constitute the contemporary technological innovation (knowledge and other production). The "new combination" should act on the basis of the high-tech economic operation of the national economic system.
The fourth chapter probes into the integration of all the main bodies of the national economic system through capital operation under the conditions of modern technology innovation and market economy, and analyzes the mechanism of combining information with capital to realize its own market value, and the allocation, transmission and flow of information in the process of venture capital investment, as well as the various subjects of the national economy.
WP=5
That is to say, the relationship between knowledge resources in production, transfer and application among innovation entities.
The fifth chapter mainly answers the question of "whether the contemporary technological innovation has played its important role" and "how it will bring about the consequences". It carries out an empirical and normative analysis on the contradiction of economic operation in the process of contemporary technological innovation, and summarizes the essential function of the technological innovation.
Contemporary technological innovation has changed some characteristics of the economic cycle; contemporary technological innovation has increased labor productivity; it also has technological multiplier effect and technological innovation.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：F062.4

【引证文献】