公共经济学视角下雾霾严重的原因分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 12:02

本文选题：公共经济学 + 雾霾　；参考：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：从人类诞生以来,环境就是人类社会依赖和发展的基础。人类的一切生产活动都离不开环境,人类通过脑力对各种资源进行开发、加工,进而使之为人类服务,通过环境与自然界进行着物质和能量的交换。然而,技术的进步和文明的发展使得人类逐渐摆脱大自然的奴隶,成为全世界的“掌控者”,大自然一步步被抢占,资源逐渐被消耗构建了人类的解放过程,特别是瓦特蒸汽机问世之后,人类改造自然、利用资源的能力进一步增强,目前能力已经强大到足以毁灭整个地球,人类的欲望越来越大,对环境的伤害达到了无以附加的地步,以致于环境再也不是取之不尽用之不竭的“上帝之物”、“天赐之物”,环境亦然成为了稀缺之物。空气在人类的发展过程中承受了巨大的压力,至今已“满目疮痍”,雾霾就是其中之一。当下中国,面临着巨大的雾霾压力,工业化的迅猛发展正在受到环境资源承载力的制约。党和国家及各级政府十分重视雾霾问题,针对雾霾问题也采取的多种手段和措施,可是治理的成果并不明显,反而越来越严重,雾霾天气严重的客观事实与政府努力的矛盾越来越凸显出来。在政府治理不断深入的背景下究竟是什么原因使得雾霾越来越严重,什么原因导致政府治理效果不明显。本文从公共经济学的角度,对上述问题进行探讨,从中得出一些结论和观点,对雾霾越来越严重的原因从经济学上给出一个解释,为以后雾霾政策的制定提供一定的依据。在公共经济学视角下分析雾霾严重的原因,有四个方面:一是大气排污权界定不清引起雾霾治理的障碍;二是集体行动的困境造成雾霾管理的缺失;三是雾霾治理的成本收益不经济;四是利益相关方的博弈不均衡。这四个方面的原因导致我国当前雾霾治理困境。从欧美国家的发展经验可以看出,雾霾是经济发展阶段必然经历的一个阶段,随着经济结构的调整和发展的升级,新的发展模式将会替代旧的发展模式,“高污染高排放”将会被“绿色健康”所替代。只要我们深化改革,把发展建立在环境友好、内生增长、创新驱动、惠及民生的基础上,继续深入调整经济结构,改变经济发展方式,到那个时候,我国就会跨越经济发展的陷阱,跨越雾霾的障碍。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of human beings, the environment is the basis for the dependence and development of human society. All human production activities can not be separated from the environment. Human beings develop and process all kinds of resources through brain power, and then make them serve human beings and exchange material and energy through the environment and nature. However, the progress of technology and the development of civilization make it possible. Human beings gradually get rid of the slaves of nature, become the "master of the world", the nature is taken up step by step, and the resources are gradually consumed to build the process of human liberation. In particular, after the advent of the watt steam engine, human transformation of nature, the ability to use resources is further strengthened, and the capacity is now strong enough to destroy the whole earth, The human desire is growing, and the harm to the environment has reached the point that the environment is no longer added, so that the environment is no longer an inexhaustible "object of God", "the godsend", and the environment has become a scarce thing. Air has been under great pressure in the process of human development and has been "devastated" and haze. It is one of them. Now China is faced with huge fog and haze pressure, the rapid development of industrialization is being restricted by the carrying capacity of environmental resources. The party and state and government at all levels attach great importance to the haze problem and take various measures and measures aimed at the haze problem, but the results of governance are not obvious, but more and more serious, haze weather. The contradiction between the serious objective facts and the efforts of the government is becoming more and more prominent. What is the reason why the fog and haze become more and more serious in the context of government governance, and what causes the effect of government governance is not obvious. This paper, from the perspective of public economics, discusses the above problems, and draws some conclusions and views from it. The reason for the more and more serious haze is an explanation in economics, which provides a basis for the formulation of the haze policy in the future. In the perspective of public economics, there are four aspects: one is the unclear definition of air pollution right, and the two is the plight of collective action that causes haze management. The three is that the cost and benefit of haze control is not economic, and the four is the imbalance of the stakeholders. These four reasons lead to the current haze Governance Dilemma in China. From the experience of the European and American countries, the haze is an inevitable stage in the economic development stage, with the adjustment of economic structure and the upgrading of the development. The development model will replace the old model of development, and "high pollution and high emissions" will be replaced by "green health". As long as we deepen the reform and build on the foundation of environment friendly, endogenous growth, innovation driven, and benefit to the people's livelihood, we will continue to adjust the economic structure and change the way of economic development. At that time, China will be able to change the way of economic development. The pitfalls of economic development span the fog and haze.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513;F062.6

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