北京机动车环境外部成本的测算

发布时间：2018-06-16 21:07

本文选题：机动车环境污染 + 环境外部成本　；参考：《北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：针对噪声污染、大气污染、气候变化、土地资源占用等4种主要机动车环境污染,通过定量方法测度2006—2014年北京市机动车的环境外部成本。结果表明:机动车环境污染代价不仅受实际污染量、剂量暴露率等因素影响,还受当地疾病成本、人均收入、碳税价格和心理预期费用等机会成本因素约束,不同的成本体系测算出来的污染代价差异显著。以北京当地成本为例,2006年起北京机动车环境总代价有缓慢上升趋势,年平均增长6.7%,其中空气污染占比最大。环境总代价占当年GDP的比重平均约为0.56%,但污染的相对代价有所减少,且呈现下降趋势。机动车限制政策对环境污染影响有正面的影响效果,2012年以后这种效果逐步减弱。在此基础上,在政策层面认为应通过技术手段,改善机动车尾气污染;增加降噪设备,规范行为;加强重污染天气的预报等综合性手段,以控制机动车的外部性污染问题。
[Abstract]:Aiming at noise pollution, air pollution, climate change and land resource occupation, the environmental external cost of motor vehicles in Beijing from 2006 to 2014 was measured by quantitative method. The results show that the environmental pollution cost of motor vehicle is affected not only by the actual pollution amount, dose exposure rate, but also by the opportunity cost factors, such as local disease cost, per capita income, carbon tax price and psychological anticipated cost. The cost of pollution measured by different cost systems is significantly different. Taking the local cost of Beijing as an example, the total environmental cost of motor vehicles in Beijing has been rising slowly since 2006, with an average annual increase of 6.7%, in which air pollution accounts for the largest proportion. The average proportion of total environmental cost to GDP is about 0.56% in that year, but the relative cost of pollution is decreasing and showing a downward trend. Vehicle restriction policy has a positive effect on environmental pollution, which has gradually weakened since 2012. On the basis of this, it is considered that technical means should be adopted to improve vehicle exhaust pollution, to increase noise reduction equipment, to standardize behavior, and to strengthen comprehensive means such as heavy pollution weather forecast to control the external pollution of motor vehicles.
【作者单位】：北京交通大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：北京市社科联重点项目资助(B16I00210) 北京市教委共建项目资助(B13H100010)
【分类号】：F572.88;X734.2

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