基于货物价值特性的运输适宜性评价模型及应用

发布时间：2018-06-17 03:11

本文选题：货物价值特性 + 外部成本　；参考：《重庆交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：交通运输是物流的重要功能之一，是国家发展社会和经济的重要物质条件，在经济和社会发展过程中的重要性不言而喻。目前，我国已经基本实现综合运输系统建设，为货物运输方案提供了多样选择的可能，而商品经济的发展对运输服务提出了时效性、稳定性等更高的要求，且交通运输自身面临外部不经济性问题，所以传统意义的运输成本也就不能作为衡量运输适宜性的标准，需要对其内涵进行拓展。本文正是从这些方面考虑，增加以货物价值特性为前提，对货物运输的适宜性进行研究，具体内容有： ①总结货物运输方面的文献，确定了运输适宜性考虑的因素，主要有运输内、外部成本、在途库存成本和运输不稳定性损失，同时考虑货物价值特性，将这些因素量化，构成适宜性评价函数。 ②对货物价值特性做了具体定义，分析了产品生命周期、技术更新周期、替代产品开发周期等影响因素，，基于此将货物分为时间敏感类货物、一般货物和特殊货物，并给出了货物价值特性的描述性函数。 ③对各运输方式的内、外部成本构成做了细致分析，并给出了计算模型；其次是根据Alford-Bangs模型，构建了货物在途库存成本计算模型；然后对运输稳定性损失的影响因素做了详细分析，并建立了基于货物价值衰减和货物时间成本的惩罚模型，最终形成了综合运输成本模型，为适宜性评价模型打下基础。 ④在货物价值特性和综合运输成本的基础上，建立了以货物剩余价值最大（或是价值降低最少）为评价准则的适宜性评价模型，并选择重庆与欧洲之间的两种典型货物——笔记本电脑和汽车零部件为研究对象，通过模型计算笔记本电脑运输选择“渝新欧”通道最为适宜，汽车零部件选择“重庆—铁路—盐田港—海运—鹿特丹”通道最为适宜，评价结果比较满意。分析还发现货物价值特性是运输适宜性评价的先决条件，而运输稳定性是运输适宜性评价的重要决策因子。
[Abstract]:Transportation is one of the important functions of logistics and an important material condition for the development of society and economy. The importance of transportation in the process of economic and social development is self-evident. At present, our country has basically realized the construction of comprehensive transportation system and provided a variety of options for the transportation scheme of goods, and the development of commodity economy to transport suit. It has put forward the requirement of timeliness, stability and so on, and the transportation itself faces the problem of external diseconomy, so the traditional transportation cost can not be used as a standard to measure transportation suitability, and it needs to expand its connotation. The suitability of the transmission is studied, and the specific contents are as follows:
(1) summarizing the literature of freight transportation and determining the factors of transportation suitability consideration, including transportation, external cost, the cost of transportation and transportation instability, and considering the value of goods, and quantifying these factors to form an suitability evaluation function.
Secondly, it defines the value characteristics of goods, analyzes the life cycle of the products, the cycle of technology renewal, and the replacement of the product development cycle. Based on this, the goods are divided into time sensitive goods, general goods and special goods, and a descriptive function of the value characteristics of the goods is given.
Thirdly, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the internal and external cost components, and gives the calculation model. Secondly, according to the Alford-Bangs model, the calculation model of the inventory cost is constructed, and then the factors affecting the loss of transportation stability are analyzed in detail, and based on the value attenuation of goods and the time cost of goods. Finally, the comprehensive transportation cost model is formed, which lays the foundation for the suitability evaluation model.
(4) on the basis of the value characteristics of goods and the comprehensive transportation cost, a suitability evaluation model is established, which takes the maximum value of the surplus value of the goods (or the least value reduced) as the evaluation criterion, and selects two typical goods between Chongqing and Europe - the notebook computer and the auto zero part as the research object, and the notebook computer is calculated through the model. The most suitable transportation choice "Chongqing New Europe" channel is most suitable. The choice of "Chongqing - Railway - Yantian Port - seaborne sea - Rotterdam" channel is most suitable, and the evaluation results are satisfactory. The analysis also finds that the value of goods is the prerequisite for the evaluation of transportation suitability, and the transportation stability is the important decision for the transportation suitability evaluation. Son.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U116;F512

【参考文献】