西湖景区旅游环境舒适度评价及其影响因子分析

发布时间：2018-10-22 18:29

【摘要】：本文在基于已有的对旅游气候舒适性的研究成果基础上,以杭州西湖风景名胜区为研究区域,以部分区域为代表研究单元,主要探讨杭州西湖景区的旅游环境舒适度及其时空分布特征。本文以实验抽样检测的方法,选择具有代表性的六个检测点,对西湖风景名胜区及杭州城区气温、相对湿度、空气质量和声环境四项要素的年内变化特征以及它们对旅游环境舒适性的影响机理进行探讨,认为：气温、相对湿度和噪声是影响西湖景区旅游环境舒适度的主要因素,空气质量虽然对旅游环境舒适度有一定的影响,但是在西湖景区,优良的空气质量对其旅游环境舒适性无明显影响。文章对西湖景区旅游环境舒适度进行了定性评价和定量评价,采用指数计算法。本文在气温、相对湿度和噪声的数据基础上,选择适合西湖景区旅游环境舒适性评判的温湿指数并建立旅游环境舒适指数模型。利用实验检测所得的当日短时气温、短时相对湿度资料,计算了西湖景区各检测点的温湿指数的值,在前者的基础上,又添加噪声这一指标来计算旅游环境舒适指数,确定出了西湖景区各月份的平均旅游环境舒适度等级。根据结果分析可知：西湖景区全年的旅游环境舒适性中以山区环境舒适性最高,全年最适宜旅游的月份最长有3—11月共9个月。湖心区旅游环境舒适度仅次于山区,在4—11月共8个月间环境舒适,适宜旅游。近城区的旅游环境舒适度较湖心区次之,但仍高于游人聚集区和交通繁忙区,在5—11月共7个月间环境舒适,适宜旅游。游人聚集区和交通繁忙区环境舒适度不佳。综合而言西湖景区的旅游环境舒适性以近城区、湖心区和山区最为舒适。杭州城区的旅游环境舒适月为5—11月,最适宜旅游。西湖景区旅游环境舒适性以冬季为最低；夏季次之；春秋两季舒适性较高,较适宜游览。就全年旅游环境舒适度而言,西湖景区明显优于杭州城区。此外,文章应用空间分析法对西湖景区及杭州城区旅游环境舒适性的差异进行了详细的分析,有如下发现：(1)杭州西湖风景名胜区山区以低山丘陵为主,地形复杂。山林植被对提高景区空气负离子浓度含量有显著效果,同时在夏季对环境有减温作用,冬季则起保温作用。(2)西湖景区中西湖水体有调节气温的作用,同时可增加环境湿度,形成了具有西湖特色的环境微气候。(3)杭州城区密集而又高低错落的建筑,硬化地表和较少的植被,导致局部小气候舒适性不如西湖景区。
[Abstract]:Based on the existing research results of tourism climate comfort, this paper takes the West Lake scenic spot in Hangzhou as the research area and some regions as the representative research unit. This paper mainly discusses the tourism environment comfort and space-time distribution characteristics of Hangzhou West Lake Scenic area. In this paper, by the method of experimental sampling, we select six representative detection points, and compare the temperature and relative humidity of West Lake scenic spot and Hangzhou urban area. The variation characteristics of the four elements of air quality and sound environment in the year and their influence mechanism on the comfort of tourist environment are discussed. It is concluded that temperature, relative humidity and noise are the main factors affecting the comfort of tourist environment in West Lake scenic area. Although the air quality has certain influence on the tourism environment comfort, but in the West Lake scenic area, the excellent air quality has no obvious influence on the tourism environment comfort. In this paper, the tourism environment comfort of West Lake scenic spot is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, and the index calculation method is used. Based on the data of temperature, relative humidity and noise, this paper selects the temperature and humidity index which is suitable for the evaluation of the comfort of the tourist environment in the West Lake scenic area, and establishes the model of the comfort index of the tourist environment. Based on the data of the short-time air temperature and the short-term relative humidity obtained from the experiment, the temperature and humidity index of each detection point in the West Lake Scenic area is calculated. On the basis of the former, the tourist environment comfort index is calculated by adding the index of noise. The average tourism environment comfort grade in each month of West Lake Scenic area is determined. According to the analysis of the results, the tourism environment comfort of the West Lake scenic area is the highest in the whole year, and the most suitable month for tourism in the whole year is 3-11 months and 9 months. The tourist environment in the center of the lake is second only to the mountain area. It is comfortable and suitable for tourism for 8 months in April-November. The comfortableness of the tourism environment near the urban area is lower than that of the central lake area, but it is still higher than that of the tourist gathering area and the heavy traffic area. The tourist environment is comfortable for 7 months in May and November, and is suitable for tourism. Tourist areas and heavy traffic areas of the environment is not good. In a word, the tourist environment comfort of West Lake Scenic area is near urban area, lake center area and mountain area. Hangzhou urban tourism environment comfort month is May-November, the most suitable for tourism. West Lake scenic spot tourism environment comfort is the lowest in winter, followed by summer; spring and autumn two seasons comfort is higher, more suitable for sightseeing. In terms of the comfort of the tourist environment throughout the year, the West Lake scenic area is obviously superior to the Hangzhou urban area. In addition, the paper makes a detailed analysis on the difference of tourism environment comfort between West Lake scenic area and Hangzhou urban area by using spatial analysis method. The results are as follows: (1) the mountainous area of West Lake scenic area in Hangzhou is dominated by low mountains and hills, and the terrain is complex. The vegetation of mountain forest has remarkable effect on increasing the concentration of negative ion in the air of scenic spot, at the same time, it can reduce the temperature in summer and heat preservation in winter. (2) the water body of West Lake in West Lake can regulate the air temperature and increase the environmental humidity at the same time. The environmental microclimate with the characteristics of West Lake has formed. (3) the dense and high and low buildings in Hangzhou City, hardened surface and less vegetation, lead to the local microclimate comfort is not as good as the West Lake scenic area.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F592.7;F205;F224

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