武威市凉州区城镇化进程中农业推广工作存在的问题及对策分析

发布时间：2018-04-04 21:31

本文选题：城镇化　切入点：农业推广　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文主要探讨我国西北干旱半干旱区具有典型代表性的武威市凉州区的城镇化进程中农业技术推广工作存在的问题及对策分析。针对城镇化进程中人口、土地和资金的流动作为研究分析的逻辑起点,通过对城镇化的空间地理分布与核心内容中要素流动带来的生产结构、就业结构、消费模式以及居住方式的四个转变进行论述,从而梳理出武威市凉州区城镇化进程中农业推广现状、发展思路及存在的问题,明确了农业推广既是联系农业科研和农业生产的纽带,又与人口、土地和资金相互关联。通过对当前城镇化快速发展的关键阶段的分析,显示出城镇化建设存在着质量不够完善。城镇化进程中建设用地占用耕地的速度远超接纳消化农村失地劳动力的进度,在推进城镇化时,农村特别是城市近郊大量优质耕地更改为建设用地、区域城镇化发展在规划布局上显著不均衡、城镇化进程存在粗放发展的问题,农业土地产出率、资源利用率效率低下,基础设施规划投入和管理很不科学、农民对城镇化、农业推广都产生抵触情绪,另一方面城镇化冲击又使农民对农业推广工作抱观望态度,相当一部分农民对城镇化和未来农业发展方式产生误解,农村劳动力老龄化严重,常规农业推广工作效率低下,农业生产经营活动中客观存在的不确定因素甚至风险得不到有效解决,加之传统生产经营意识使农民不敢对农业科技成果投入,导致农业推广工作缓慢甚至停滞、城乡差距较大,且呈现出持续扩大的趋势等等的实际。凉州区的城镇化进程以政府引导为主线、以土地流转为着力点,城镇化进程客观上扩大了农畜产品的市场,是农民对农业推广主动需求的原动力。同时,城镇化也使得农村土地流转、农业资源节约化利用、农业科技推广规模化应用成为现实。城镇化还释放出大量的农村青壮年劳力,满足大中型农业企业生产经营活动的劳动力需求。通过对农村发展中存在的现实问题和制约农业推广各种因素的分析归纳,在结合武威市凉州区发展实际、总结城镇化和现代农业推广工作正反两方面经验的基础上,借鉴国内外农业推广工作在城镇化进程中取得的有益经验,针对以上影响和制约武威市凉州区农业推广工作成效的因素,提出准确定位农村工作中农业推广的技术需求、培育农业科研推广部门工作主动性、政策制定必须适应农业推广受众的转变、广泛采用参与式培训推广模式、农业生产经营各类资源成本与抗风险能力的进一步统一、培育壮大中介组织、政府配套资金引导、强化农业推广人才队伍,提高农民农业科技素养、探索构建推广工作的一体化模式、以示范点带动,提高农民接纳现代化农业高新技术的积极性、推动土地流转,促进农业科技应用等方面探讨凉州区发展农业推广工作的对策建议。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the problems and countermeasures of agricultural technology extension in the urbanization process of Liangzhou District of Wuwei City, which is typical in arid and semi-arid region of northwest China.In view of the population, land and capital flow in the process of urbanization as the logical starting point of research and analysis, through the spatial geographical distribution of urbanization and the flow of key elements in the core content of the production structure, employment structure,The four changes of consumption pattern and living mode are discussed, so as to sort out the present situation of agricultural extension, development ideas and existing problems in the urbanization process of Liangzhou District, Wuwei City.It is clear that agricultural extension is not only the link between agricultural research and agricultural production, but also with population, land and capital.Through the analysis of the key stage of the rapid development of urbanization, it shows that the construction of urbanization is not perfect in quality.In the process of urbanization, the rate of occupying cultivated land by construction land is much faster than that of accepting the labor force lost in rural areas. During the process of urbanization, a large number of high-quality cultivated land in rural areas, especially in the suburbs of cities, has been changed into construction land.The development of regional urbanization is obviously unbalanced in planning and layout, the process of urbanization has the problem of extensive development, the productivity of agricultural land is low, the efficiency of resource utilization is low, the investment and management of infrastructure planning is very unscientific, and the farmers have no idea of urbanization.On the other hand, the impact of urbanization has made farmers take a wait-and-see attitude towards agricultural extension, and quite a number of farmers have misunderstandings about urbanization and the way of future agricultural development. The aging of rural labor force is serious.The efficiency of conventional agricultural extension work is low, the uncertain factors and even risks in agricultural production and management activities can not be effectively solved, and the traditional consciousness of production and management makes farmers dare not invest in agricultural scientific and technological achievements.As a result, the agricultural extension work is slow or even stagnant, the gap between urban and rural areas is large, and it shows a trend of continuous expansion and so on.The urbanization process of Liangzhou district takes the government guidance as the main line and the land circulation as the focus. The urbanization process objectively expands the market of agricultural and livestock products and is the driving force of farmers' active demand for agricultural extension.At the same time, the urbanization also makes the rural land circulation, the agricultural resources economical utilization, the agricultural science and technology popularizes the scale application to become the reality.Urbanization also released a large number of rural youth labor, to meet the production and management of large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises labor demand.Through the analysis and induction of the practical problems existing in the rural development and the factors restricting agricultural extension, combined with the development practice of Liangzhou District of Wuwei City, the author sums up the positive and negative experiences of urbanization and modern agricultural extension work.Referring to the beneficial experience of agricultural extension in the process of urbanization at home and abroad, and aiming at the factors that affect and restrict the effect of agricultural extension in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City, the paper puts forward the technical requirements of accurately positioning agricultural extension in rural work.To cultivate the initiative of agricultural scientific research and extension departments, the policy formulation must adapt to the change of agricultural extension audience, widely adopt the participatory training and extension mode, and further unify the cost of various resources and the ability to resist risks in agricultural production and management.To cultivate and strengthen intermediary organizations, to guide the government to support funds, to strengthen the contingent of agricultural extension talents, to improve farmers' agricultural scientific and technological literacy, to explore an integrated model for the construction of extension work, and to lead by demonstration sites.This paper discusses the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of agricultural extension in Liangzhou District from the aspects of increasing farmers' enthusiasm for accepting modern agricultural high and new technology, promoting land circulation and promoting agricultural science and technology application.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.3

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