集体经济与精准扶贫:兼论塘约道路的启示

发布时间：2018-04-18 10:57

本文选题：集体经济 + 精准扶贫　；参考：《马克思主义研究》2017年06期

【摘要】："精英俘获"是以往扶贫开发实践中存在的突出问题,国家投入农村的大量扶贫资源都被各类精英垄断,无法到达真正的贫困户手中。精准扶贫的目的就是要克服精英俘获,但在当前的实践中,许多地方的基层扶贫部门仍然严重依赖乡村社会精英来完成任务指标,扶贫再次异化成为扶大户。精准扶贫实践中的种种乱象折射出国家基层治理的困境,根源在于分田到户以来,农村集体经济组织瓦解,村社共同体解体,国家直接面对数量庞大又高度分散的个体农户,交易成本过高。去组织化的农民在激烈竞争的市场上单打独斗,也很难获得成功。只有把农民重新组织起来,发展壮大集体经济,才能彻底摆脱贫困。贵州塘约的经验表明,新时期农村的再集体化,不仅有必要性,而且有可能性。
[Abstract]:"Elite capture" is a prominent problem in the practice of poverty alleviation and development in the past. A large number of poverty alleviation resources invested by the state in rural areas are monopolized by all kinds of elites and can not reach the hands of the real poor households.The purpose of precision poverty alleviation is to overcome the capture of the elite, but in the current practice, many local grass-roots poverty alleviation departments still rely heavily on the rural social elite to complete the task targets, and the poverty alleviation is again alienated into a big support unit.Various chaotic phenomena in the practice of precision poverty alleviation reflect the plight of national grass-roots governance. The root causes lie in the disintegration of rural collective economic organizations, the disintegration of village communities, and the direct face of the state to a large number of highly dispersed individual farmers since the division of fields to households.Transaction costs are too high.It is also difficult for deorganised farmers to stand alone in a highly competitive market.Only by reorganizing the peasants and developing and strengthening the collective economy can we get rid of poverty completely.The experience of Tangyao in Guizhou shows that the collectivization of rural areas in the new period is not only necessary but also possible.
【作者单位】：中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所;中山大学华南农村研究中心;
【分类号】：F321.32;F323.8

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