新型城镇化背景下农村劳动力转移问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 15:04

本文选题：新型城镇化 + 农村劳动力转移　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新时期以来,中国特色社会主义理论与实践作为马克思主义中国化理论和实践基础,在当代得到了极大发展,不断取得新的成果。党的十八大提出“新四化”,要求“四化同步”发展,完成这一战略目标的关键是解决好农村劳动力转移问题。我国是传统的农业大国,目前农业人口在总人口中仍占较大比重,同时,随着农业科技和农业现代化的程度不断提高,农业劳动生产率大幅提高,一方面农业生产已不再具有完全消化农村剩余劳动力的功能;另一方面伴随着新型城镇化的发展,城镇非农产业不断进行结构调整,乡镇企业优化升级步伐加快,这样的结果是乡镇企业对农村劳动力综合素质要求越来越高。新形势下,伴随新型城镇化的推进,农村劳动力转移面临新挑战,农村已不再是剩余劳动力的蓄水池,乡镇也不再具有大量吸纳农村劳动力的能力。因此,在新型城镇化背景下突显了解决好农村劳动力转移的重要性和现实意义。本文以已有研究为基础,新型城镇化为依托对我国农村劳动力转移问题进行研究。分析农村劳动力转移的现壮、目前取得的成绩、存在的问题及问题产生的原因和促进农村劳动力转移的基本原则及对策。全文分成六个部分。第一部分,简单介绍了研究的背景和所要研究的问题,同时对国内外已有研究进行的简要梳理,对用到的方法进行了介绍。第二部分,从理论上界定了新型城镇化、农村劳动力、农村劳动力转移和市民化,阐述了本文的理论基础有马克思主义城镇化理论、马克思主义就业理论以及西方相关的理论。第三部分,分析了新型城镇化对农村劳动力转移的影响,分为新型城镇化给农村劳动力转移带来的有利条件和带来的新挑战两方面。第四部分,对我国城镇化及农村劳动力转移的历史变迁及主要成就进行了详细梳理,这有助于整个文章宏观脉络的形成。第五部分,分析了新型城镇化背景下目前我国农村劳动力转移中存在的问题及原因。本文提出目前我国农村劳动力转移存在的问题主要有:农村劳动力身份转换与职业转换不同步、农村劳动力转移区域不均衡、农村劳动力整体素质与新型城镇化要求不协调、农村劳动力转移对城乡带动作用不足。形成这些问题的原因主要有:受传统城乡二元经济体制的影响、我国城镇化发展不均衡、农村劳动力整体素质与新型城镇化要求不协调、农村教育落后职业培训不够。第六部分,探讨了新型城镇化背景下促进农村劳动力转移的基本原则及对策。应该坚持的基本原则有:坚持以人为核心、坚持城乡一体化、坚持共享发展的原则。对策主要有:完善城乡劳动力市场一体化体制机制、构建有层次多样化的城镇化发展模式、加强农村劳动力素质培育、政府、企业、个人形成合力共同打造市民化保障体系。
[Abstract]:Since the new era, the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as the basis of Marxism's theory and practice in China, has been greatly developed in the contemporary era and has made new achievements. The "new four modernizations" proposed by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China require the "four modernizations" to develop simultaneously, and the key to the completion of this strategic goal is to solve the problem of the transfer of rural labor force. China is a traditional agricultural country. At present, the agricultural population still accounts for a large proportion of the total population. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of agricultural science and technology and the degree of agricultural modernization, the agricultural labor productivity has increased substantially. On the one hand, agricultural production no longer has the function of completely digesting the surplus labor force in rural areas; on the other hand, with the development of new urbanization, the structure of non-agricultural industries in cities and towns is constantly adjusted, and the pace of optimization and upgrading of township enterprises is accelerated. The result is that township enterprises have higher and higher demands on the comprehensive quality of rural labor force. Under the new situation, with the advancement of new urbanization, the rural labor force transfer is facing new challenges. The countryside is no longer the reservoir of surplus labor, and the township no longer has the ability to absorb a large number of rural labor. Therefore, under the background of new urbanization, it highlights the importance and practical significance of solving the transfer of rural labor force. Based on existing research and new-type urbanization, this paper studies the transfer of rural labor force in China. This paper analyzes the present situation, achievements, existing problems and causes of the rural labor force transfer, and the basic principles and countermeasures to promote the rural labor force transfer. The full text is divided into six parts. In the first part, the background of the research and the problems to be studied are briefly introduced. At the same time, the existing researches at home and abroad are briefly combed and the methods used are introduced. In the second part, we define the new urbanization, rural labor force, rural labor force transfer and citizenship, and expound the theoretical basis of this paper: Marxist urbanization theory, Marxist employment theory and western related theories. The third part analyzes the influence of the new urbanization on the rural labor force transfer, which is divided into two aspects: the favorable conditions and the new challenges brought by the new urbanization to the rural labor force transfer. In the fourth part, the historical changes and main achievements of urbanization and rural labor force transfer in China are analyzed in detail, which is helpful to the formation of the macro context of the whole article. The fifth part analyzes the problems and causes of rural labor force transfer under the background of new urbanization. This paper points out that the problems existing in the transfer of rural labor force in our country at present are: the identity transformation of rural labor force is out of step with the transformation of occupation, the regional imbalance of rural labor force transfer, the overall quality of rural labor force is not in harmony with the demands of new urbanization. Rural labor force transfer to urban and rural driving effect is insufficient. The main reasons for these problems are as follows: under the influence of the traditional urban-rural dual economic system, the development of urbanization in China is not balanced, the overall quality of rural labor force is not in harmony with the demands of new urbanization, and the backward vocational training in rural education is not enough. The sixth part discusses the basic principles and countermeasures to promote the rural labor force transfer under the new urbanization background. The following basic principles should be adhered to: people as the core, urban and rural integration, and shared development. The countermeasures are as follows: perfecting the system mechanism of urban and rural labor market integration, constructing a diversified urbanization development model, strengthening the cultivation of rural labor force quality, forming a joint effort of government, enterprises and individuals to create a citizen security system.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6

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