从洪灾走廊到水乡天堂:明清治淮与里下河湿地农业系统的形成

发布时间：2018-04-21 00:33

本文选题：明清 + 治淮　；参考：《南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期

【摘要】：江苏里下河地区的湿地农业系统是一种非常罕见、独特的遗产类型,与联合国粮农组织倡导的全球重要农业文化遗产理念有机契合。目前继兴化垛田传统农业系统入选全球重要农业文化遗产后,又有高邮湖泊湿地农业系统入选中国第四批重要农业文化遗产,湿地农业正成为全球农业遗产关注、研究和保护的热点。经考证,里下河地区湿地农业的产生与明清时期治淮密不可分。明清两朝的治淮策略虽各有侧重,但均是以牺牲里下河地区为代价,使当地自然环境不断恶化,河湖变迁、洪涝频发,高邮湖湿地的急剧扩大与兴化河湖的沼泽化是本时段最具代表性的事件。有赖里下河百姓的不屈不挠与积极应对,因地制宜地创造出了多种模式的湿地农业,主要包括兴化垛田的开发、水陆交错地的稻鸭共作、湖区的鱼虾蟹混养等。研究、保护和传承好里下河湿地型农业遗产,功在当代、利在千秋。
[Abstract]:The wetland agricultural system in Lixiahe area of Jiangsu Province is a rare and unique heritage type, which is in agreement with the concept of global important agricultural cultural heritage advocated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). At present, after the traditional agricultural system of Xinghua Daitian has been selected as an important agricultural cultural heritage in the world, Gaoyou Lake Wetland Agricultural system has been selected as the fourth batch of important agricultural cultural heritage in China. Wetland agriculture is becoming a global agricultural heritage concern. Research and protection of hot spots. Through textual research, the wetland agriculture in Lixiahe area was closely related to the management of Huaihe River during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Although the Ming and Qing dynasties had their own strategies for controlling the Huaihe River, they both made the local natural environment deteriorate at the expense of the Lixiahe area, the rivers and lakes changed, and the floods occurred frequently. The rapid expansion of the Gaoyou Lake wetland and the swamping of the Xinghua River and Lake are the most representative events in this period. Due to the indomitable and active response of the people in the Lixia River, various patterns of wetland agriculture have been created according to local conditions, including the development of Xinghua Stacker Field, the co-cultivation of rice and duck in the land and water interlaced area, and the mixed cultivation of fish, shrimp and crab in the lake area. Research, protection and inheritance of the good Lixiahe wetland agricultural heritage, in the contemporary, benefit in the Qianqiu.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学中国农业遗产研究室;塔里木大学经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“明清以来的淮河水灾与治淮思想变迁研究”(13BZS072) 中央高校基本业务费专项“新疆民族地区突发自然灾害应急管理体系研究”(Y0201700442)
【分类号】：F329

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