现代农业发展中培养新型农民问题的研究

发布时间：2018-08-21 20:00

【摘要】：2005年,党的十六届五中全会明确提出建设社会主义新农村的战略决策,并强调要培养"有文化,懂技术,会经营"的新型农民;2007年中央1号文件将社会主义新农村建设的内容聚焦于发展现代农业,人才作为第一生产力,有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民是发展现代农业的人才保障;2015年中央一号文件《关于加大改革创新力度加快农业现代化建设的若干意见》提出在经济发展的新常态下,实现农业农村的发展关键在于发展现代农业,转变农业发展方式,将以往追求数量、依赖资源消耗的粗放农业经营方式转变为数量、质量并重的集约型农业经营方式;将促进农民增收作为"三农"工作的重要考验。可见,长期以来解决好"三农"问题一直是党中央工作的重中之重,如何在工业化、信息化城镇化的过程中稳步推进农业现代化是当前迫切需要解决的问题。建设现代农业就是对传统农业进行改造的过程,以现代农业科学技术和农业机械武装农业,将企业化经营理念注入农业生产的管理,提高农业劳动生产率、土地生产率和农产品商品化程度。要实现现代化农业的目标,迫切需要培养千千万万有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民。培育新型农民是农业和农村现代化发展的重要基础,是全面提高农民素质的必然要求,是提高农民收入的重要条件。然而目前我国农村劳动力却面临基数大、整体素质不高、人才外流严重、老龄化趋势明显的问题,高素质的人才缺失已成为制约我国建设社会主义新农村、发展现代农业的瓶颈。我国农民素质状况与发展现代农业对高素质农民的需求决定了培育新型农民的紧迫性和重要性。本文在对整理阅读国内外相关文献的基础上,系统性地梳理了新型农民培育的理论基础以及国外开展新型农民培训的成功经验、结合我国农民素质现状、农业现代化对农民的要求以及盐城市开展新型农民培训的实践基础,最终提出中国农业现代化背景下新型农民培育的实现路径。通过本文研究得出以下主要结论:第一,通过对国内外相关文献以及理论的整理,本文认为开展新型农民培训是稳步推进农业现代化的有效且必要手段,基于人力资本投资理论和教育经济学理论的考虑,政府有积极开展新型农民培训的动力。第二,国外存在诸多培训新型农民的成功模式,包括东亚模式(以日本、韩国为主)、西欧模式(以英国、法国、德国为主)、北美模式(以美国为主),这些成功的模式说明农民培训工作的成功离不开完善的培训体系,严格的农业准入制度以及与职业资格挂钩的优惠政策,值得我国借鉴。第三,随着科技进步和社会经济的发展,农业生产方式发生了深刻的变革,而目前我国农民的素质水平已经不能满足农业现代化的要求,开展新型农民培养工作十分必要和紧迫。第五,通过对盐城地区新型农民培养的实地调研发现,盐城地区的新型农民培养工作已经取得了一定的成果,同时还面临着农民素质偏低,部分农户思想意识落后、培训资金投入不足、师资力量匮乏等问题。第四,为更好的推进新型农民培养工作,加快我国农业现代化步伐,本文提出建立新型农民教育培训体系、开展技能培训、加强经营素质培养、建立健全新型农民教育培养四大支撑体系等建议。
[Abstract]:In 2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the strategic decision of building a new socialist countryside, and stressed the need to train new farmers who are "educated, skilled and able to operate"; in 2007, the Central Committee's No. 1 document focused on the development of modern agriculture as the content of building a new socialist countryside, talents as the first productive force, educated, skilled and experienced. The New Peasants in the battalion are the guarantees for the development of modern agriculture.The central document No.1 of 2015 put forward that under the new normal economic development, the key to realizing the development of agricultural countryside lies in the development of modern agriculture, the transformation of agricultural development mode, and the pursuit of quantity in the past. The extensive agricultural management mode which relies on resource consumption has been transformed into intensive agricultural management mode with equal emphasis on quantity and quality, and the promotion of peasants'income has been regarded as an important test of the work of agriculture, countryside and farmers. The construction of modern agriculture is the process of transforming traditional agriculture. Modern agricultural science and technology and agricultural machinery are used to arm agriculture, and the idea of enterprise management is injected into the management of agricultural production, so as to improve agricultural labor productivity, land productivity and the degree of commercialization of agricultural products. To realize the goal of modernized agriculture, it is urgent to cultivate tens of millions of new peasants who are educated, skilled and capable of operating. Cultivating new peasants is an important foundation for the development of agriculture and rural modernization, an inevitable requirement for improving peasants'quality in an all-round way, and an important condition for raising peasants' income. The lack of high-quality talents has become a bottleneck restricting the construction of a new socialist countryside and the development of modern agriculture in China. On the basis of sorting out and reading the relevant literatures at home and abroad, this paper systematically combs the theoretical basis of the cultivation of new-type farmers and the successful experience of developing new-type farmers'training abroad. Combining with the present situation of farmers' quality in China, the requirements of agricultural modernization for farmers and the practical basis of developing new-type farmers'training in Yancheng City, the paper finally puts forward This paper draws the following main conclusions: First, through the collation of relevant literature and theories at home and abroad, this paper holds that the development of new farmers'training is an effective and necessary means to promote agricultural modernization steadily, based on the theory of human capital investment and education economy. Second, there are many successful models of training new farmers abroad, including East Asian model (mainly Japan, Korea), Western European model (mainly Britain, France, Germany), and North American model (mainly America). These successful models show the success of farmers'training. Success is inseparable from a sound training system, a strict agricultural access system and preferential policies linked to professional qualifications, which are worthy of our reference. Third, with the progress of science and technology and the development of social economy, profound changes have taken place in the mode of agricultural production. At present, the quality level of Chinese farmers has been unable to meet the requirements of agricultural modernization. It is necessary and urgent to develop the new-type peasants'training. Fifthly, through the field investigation and research of the new-type peasants' training in Yancheng area, it is found that the new-type peasants'training in Yancheng area has made certain achievements, and at the same time, it is faced with the low quality of peasants, the backward ideology of some peasants, insufficient investment in training funds and the shortage of teachers. Fourthly, in order to better promote the cultivation of new farmers and speed up the pace of agricultural modernization in China, this paper proposes to establish a new peasant education and training system, to carry out skills training, to strengthen the quality of management training, and to establish and improve the new peasant education and training four support systems.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6

【相似文献】