广州市家庭农场的发展现状和运营困境

发布时间：2018-09-07 12:45

【摘要】：2013年中央一号文件提出,坚持依法自愿有偿的原则,引导农村土地承包经营权有序流转,鼓励和支持承包土地向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社流转,发展多种形式的适度规模经营。家庭农场的发展对中国农业发展意义重大,规模化经营可以极大解决中国农业土地细碎化带来的效率低下问题,但如何合理而又有效的管理好家庭农场,来获得最大的收益,成为了家庭农场发展的一大难题。广州市已经步入高度城市化阶段,广州农村居民和农业从业者已经成为一个少数群体,大部分农民以兼业为主,来自非农之外的工资性收入已经占到绝大部分,农村土地市场已经逐步形成,随着农村劳动力的非农化,家庭农场的发展已经具备条件。培育家庭农场为主的新型农业主体已经成为广州市农业产业发展的重要方向。本文主要对广州市家庭农场的发展现状和运营困境进行研究。本研究对从化、增城、番禺、花都和白云区政府部门进行了访谈,了解了各地家庭农场的发展状况,走访了各地家庭农场,以花都和增城的三个家庭农场为例,深入分析了广州市家庭农场的经营情况。发现广州市家庭农场在运营中存在如下几个问题:一是土地细碎,用地缺乏,土地租金连年上涨;二是用工成本高,劳动生产效率低下;三是财务系统缺乏、资金短缺严重,融资渠道非常有限;四是物资管理不规范;五是经营风险大,自然灾害严重,价格波动幅度大;六是销售渠道单一。促进土地的长期流转将能为广州市家庭农场发展提供稳定的预期,推动规模化,连片土地抵押担保将能解决农场经营中资金短缺的困难。提供农业政策性保险将能减少农场经营中的风险。普及农场管理的知识,如土地、劳动力、物资、财务管理的基本知识将能提高农场主的经营能力,改善家庭农场运营中存在的问题。
[Abstract]:The No. 1 document of the Central Committee in 2013 stated that the principle of voluntary compensation in accordance with law should be adhered to, guiding the orderly circulation of contracted land management rights in rural areas, and encouraging and supporting the transfer of contracted land to professional large households, family farms, and farmers' cooperatives. Develop a variety of forms of moderate scale operation. The development of family farms is of great significance to the development of agriculture in China. The large-scale operation can solve the problem of inefficiency brought about by the fragmentation of agricultural land in China, but how to manage the family farms reasonably and effectively to obtain the greatest benefits. It has become a difficult problem in the development of family farms. Guangzhou has entered the stage of high urbanization. Rural residents and agricultural practitioners in Guangzhou have become a minority group. Most farmers are mainly engaged in part-time work, and wage income from outside of agriculture accounts for most of the income. The rural land market has gradually formed, with the rural labor force non-agricultural, the development of family farm has the conditions. It has become an important direction of agricultural industry development in Guangzhou to cultivate a new type of agricultural subject which is based on family farm. In this paper, the development of Guangzhou family farm and the plight of the operation were studied. In this study, the government departments of Conghua, Zengcheng, Panyu, Huadu and Baiyun District were interviewed to understand the development of family farms in various places, and visited family farms in various places, taking Huadu and Zengcheng's three family farms as examples. The management of Guangzhou family farm is analyzed in depth. It is found that there are several problems in the operation of Guangzhou family farm as follows: first, the land is broken down, the land is short of land, the land rent increases year after year; the second is the high cost of employment and the low efficiency of labor production; the third is the lack of financial system and the serious shortage of funds. Financing channel is very limited; fourth, material management is not standardized; fifth, management risk is large, natural disaster is serious, price fluctuation is large; sixth, sales channel is single. To promote the long-term circulation of land will provide a stable expectation for the development of family farms in Guangzhou, promote the scale of the land mortgage guarantee will solve the shortage of funds in farm management difficulties. Providing agricultural policy insurance will reduce risks in farm operations. Popularizing the knowledge of farm management, such as land, labor, material and financial management, will improve the farmer's management ability and the problems existing in the family farm operation.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F324.1

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