基于林权视角下新疆农田防护林经营模式研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 06:44

【摘要】：新疆是典型的干旱与半干旱地区,沙暴、干热风、旱风、高温、寒潮等自然灾害频发与强度大,生态环境脆弱,农田防护林在改善农田生态系统、有效抵御自然灾害、保障农业稳产高产、提升农业经营收入等方面发挥着重要作用,是现代农业经济发展的重要前提和保障。新疆集体林权制度改革从林权入手,在保持林地集体所有的前提下,通过采取“明晰产权、放活经营权、落实处置权、保障收益权、不断完善和落实林业政策”方式,将林地使用权和林木所有权落实到不同经营主体,形成了以家庭承包经营为主体、多种经营模式共同发展的趋势。但是,集体林权制度改革引起的林地分散化导致了林业经营规模效应的下降,而林业合作经营模式的发展适应林权制度改革后林业规模化经营的需求,为实现规模化经营与林农生产积极性相结合提供了重要途径,从而能够有效发挥权利分配、激励、消除外部性并将其内生化等一系列林权自身的功能,以实现改进国内木材结构性供给与现代木材多样化需求之间的矛盾、优化农田系统整体环境和促进农民林业收入提升以及产业发展、区域稳定、农民增收全面协调发展的最终目标。因此,探索培育一种生态、经济和社会效益协调发展的适合新疆的农田防护林新型合作经营模式具有重大意义。运用新制度经济学理论系统梳理改革开放以来新疆集体林权制度改革发展历程,描述农田防护林发展自然条件、建设现状和经营管理,从经营主体分化、规模化、经营行为可持续化和经营形式多样化三方面探讨林权改革对农田防护林经营模式的影响;基于有限理性理论和产权理论分析家庭承包经营模式、村集体经营模式、大户承包经营模式和股份合作经营模式的经营现状、主要成效和存在问题;基于可持续发展理论提出农田防护林新型合作经营模式经营理念、基本原则和经营框架,并提出“公司+基地+农户”、“公司+合作社+农户”和“公司+基地+合作社+农户”经营模式以及在林权、政策、技术和制度等方面亟待解决的问题;最后,提出建立弱化所有权、强化承包经营权的产权结构,转变为立法和制度服务的政府角色定位,加强林业合作组织发展的人员培训建设、运用市场手段创新和完善相关制度等保障措施来确保新疆农田防护林合作经营模式的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is a typical arid and semi-arid region. Sand storms, dry and hot winds, dry winds, high temperatures, cold waves and other natural disasters occur frequently and intensively, and the ecological environment is fragile. Farmland shelterbelts are improving farmland ecosystems and effectively resisting natural disasters. It is an important prerequisite and guarantee for the development of modern agricultural economy to guarantee the stable and high yield of agriculture and to promote the income of agricultural management. The reform of collective forest right system in Xinjiang begins with forest right, under the premise of keeping collective ownership of forest land, by adopting the way of "clarifying property right, activating management right, implementing disposal right, protecting profit right and perfecting and implementing forestry policy", The right to use forest land and the ownership of forest trees are implemented to different management subjects, forming the trend of common development of diversified management mode with household contract management as the main body. However, the decentralization of forest land caused by the reform of collective forest tenure system leads to the decline of the scale effect of forestry management, and the development of forestry cooperative management mode meets the needs of large-scale forestry management after the reform of forest tenure system. It provides an important way to realize the combination of large-scale management and the enthusiasm of forest farmers, so as to give full play to the functions of rights distribution, incentive, elimination of externalities and internalization of forest rights. In order to improve the contradiction between the structural supply of domestic timber and the demand of modern timber diversification, optimize the overall environment of farmland system and promote the increase of farmers' forestry income and the development of industry, regional stability can be achieved. The ultimate goal of comprehensive and coordinated development of farmers' income. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore and cultivate a new cooperative management mode of farmland shelterbelt suitable for Xinjiang, which is suitable for the coordinated development of ecological, economic and social benefits. This paper applies the new institutional economics theory to sort out the history of the reform and development of the collective forest right system in Xinjiang since the reform and opening up, describes the natural conditions of farmland shelterbelt development, the present situation of construction and management, differentiates from the main body of management, and becomes large-scale. This paper probes into the influence of forest right reform on farmland shelterbelt management model from three aspects of sustainable management behavior and diversification of management form, and analyzes the family contract management model and village collective management model based on the theory of limited rationality and property right. Based on the theory of sustainable development, the paper puts forward the management concept, basic principles and management framework of the new cooperative management model of farmland shelterbelt. And put forward the management mode of "company base peasant household", "company cooperative farmer household" and "company base cooperative farmer household" and the problems to be solved urgently in forest right, policy, technology and system. It is suggested that the property right structure of contractual management should be strengthened, the governmental role of legislation and system should be changed, and the personnel training and construction of forestry cooperative organization should be strengthened. To ensure the sustainable development of the cooperative management mode of farmland shelterbelt in Xinjiang, market means are used to innovate and perfect relevant system and other safeguard measures to ensure the sustainable development of farmland shelterbelt cooperative management mode in Xinjiang.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.27

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