大豆传统产区粮食作物种植结构变化特征及原因分析——以黑龙江省嫩江县为例
发布时间:2019-02-14 22:03
【摘要】:[目的]近年来国内大豆播种面积和产量不断下降,而进口量却不断增加,2014年达7 140万t,是国内大豆产量的6倍。黑龙江省是我国最主要的大豆传统产区,其近年的种植结构变化导致国内大豆产量下降。[方法]通过对黑龙江省粮食作物种植结构变化特征进行统计数据分析,发现主要粮食作物呈现"两增一减"的格局:玉米和粳稻播种面积增加,大豆面积减少,且近年来大豆种植区域逐渐向黑龙江省西部集中。在此基础上,选取黑龙江省西北部的嫩江县作为研究区代表,利用遥感影像数据对其种植结构按积温带变化特征进行深入分析。[结果]研究发现:2000年以来,研究区种植结构发生了较大变化。2000~2007年间,第四积温带大豆种植面积大幅度增加;2007~2014年第四、五积温带新兴玉米面积猛增到17.4万hm2,且有继续北扩趋势,并推动大豆北扩东移,2014年大豆在粮食总播种面积中的比重较2000年减少27个百分点。[结论]新玉米品种的推广和作物种植比较收益是影响大豆传统产区种植结构变化的主要因素。
[Abstract]:[objective] in recent years, the sown area and yield of soybean in China have been decreasing, but the import amount has been increasing, reaching 71.4 million tons in 2014, which is 6 times of the domestic soybean yield. Heilongjiang Province is the most important traditional soybean producing area in China. The change of planting structure in recent years has resulted in the decrease of soybean yield in China. [methods] based on the statistical data analysis of the structure changes of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province, it was found that the main grain crops showed a pattern of "two increase and one decrease": the planting area of maize and japonica rice increased, the area of soybean decreased. In recent years, soybean planting area gradually concentrated to the west of Heilongjiang Province. On this basis, Nenjiang County in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province is selected as the representative of the study area, and its planting structure according to the variation characteristics of accumulated temperature zone is deeply analyzed by using remote sensing image data. [results] it was found that the planting structure in the study area had changed greatly since 2000. During the period of 2000 ~ 2007, the planting area of soybean in the fourth accumulated temperature zone increased significantly; In the fourth part of 2007 ~ 2014, the area of new maize in the five accumulated temperature zone soared to 174000 hm2, and continued to expand northward, and promoted soybean to expand to the east. In 2014, the proportion of soybean in the total sowing area of grain decreased by 27 percentage points compared with 2000. [conclusion] Popularization of new maize varieties and comparative income of crop planting are the main factors that influence the change of planting structure in traditional soybean producing areas.
【作者单位】: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】:国家自然科学基金资助项目“中国水土资源利用与粮食生产平衡关系定量分析与数字模拟”(41430861)
【分类号】:F326.11
[Abstract]:[objective] in recent years, the sown area and yield of soybean in China have been decreasing, but the import amount has been increasing, reaching 71.4 million tons in 2014, which is 6 times of the domestic soybean yield. Heilongjiang Province is the most important traditional soybean producing area in China. The change of planting structure in recent years has resulted in the decrease of soybean yield in China. [methods] based on the statistical data analysis of the structure changes of grain crops in Heilongjiang Province, it was found that the main grain crops showed a pattern of "two increase and one decrease": the planting area of maize and japonica rice increased, the area of soybean decreased. In recent years, soybean planting area gradually concentrated to the west of Heilongjiang Province. On this basis, Nenjiang County in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province is selected as the representative of the study area, and its planting structure according to the variation characteristics of accumulated temperature zone is deeply analyzed by using remote sensing image data. [results] it was found that the planting structure in the study area had changed greatly since 2000. During the period of 2000 ~ 2007, the planting area of soybean in the fourth accumulated temperature zone increased significantly; In the fourth part of 2007 ~ 2014, the area of new maize in the five accumulated temperature zone soared to 174000 hm2, and continued to expand northward, and promoted soybean to expand to the east. In 2014, the proportion of soybean in the total sowing area of grain decreased by 27 percentage points compared with 2000. [conclusion] Popularization of new maize varieties and comparative income of crop planting are the main factors that influence the change of planting structure in traditional soybean producing areas.
【作者单位】: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】:国家自然科学基金资助项目“中国水土资源利用与粮食生产平衡关系定量分析与数字模拟”(41430861)
【分类号】:F326.11
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