转型期东北国有林区职工家庭脆弱性研究

发布时间：2019-03-15 20:41

【摘要】：随着大小兴安岭生态功能区的建设,国家主体功能区划战略在区域层而得到重要延伸和落实。作为一种全新的生态环境与资源管理框架,生态功能区建设必将影响国有林区的生存和发展,此外,二期天保工程的实施以及2014年4月1日在黑龙江国有林区和大兴安岭国有林区实行的全面停止商业性采伐试点政策等,这些变革将会对国有林区系统中最微观的个体——林业职工家庭带来影响。二期天然林资源保护工程的实施,将重点聚焦在改善国有林区民生上,这对国有林区林业职工家庭来讲是一个难得的历史机遇。国有林区的发展,应该是森林自然资本与社会资本间形成的特别契约,然而现实社会中,国有林区自然资源的丰裕与职工家庭的贫困或脆弱性可能构成了林区发展中的-个重要矛盾,并制约着国有林区的改革和发展。本论文正是在这样的背景下展开研究的。论文的研究将能增强林业职工在林区转型期间的自适应能力,并对国有林区民生问题的解决具有一定的实践参考意义。本文在借鉴和吸收国内外相关研究成果的基础上,以脆弱性理论和社会资本理论为依据,首先分析了林区职工家庭脆弱性的内涵,以及贫困与脆弱性的联系与区别,认为贫困有时是脆弱性产生的一个主要根源,但是脆弱性并不仅仅是一种短缺或者匮乏,他更强调的是面临危险、冲击和外界压力时自身抵御能力或者适应能力的不足、不安安全或者易受灾的程度。本文首先,基于压力-状态-响应模型,分析国有林区职工家庭面临的外界压力,以及在这些压力下林区职工家庭脆弱性的形成与扩散机理。其次,以2013年和2014年“国家林业局林业重大问题调研项目——重点国有林区民生监测”项目调研数据为基础,基于524户国有林区职工家庭的短期平衡面板数据,采用Ligon和Schechter对家庭脆弱性的测算方法,测算出目前职工家庭脆弱性的状态。结果发现,总体上,东北国有林区职工家庭陷入脆弱性的比例高达34.09%,将近三分之一的林区职工家庭无力抵抗外界政治、经济、环境变化的冲击,其中吉林森工林区职工家庭脆弱性比例最少,仅为25.33%,黑龙江森工林区职工家庭中脆弱性家庭所占比例最大,为47.01%；然后,采用固定效应回归模型,运用Eviews6.0统计软件,从物质资本、人力资本和社会资本三个维度对职工家庭整体脆弱性的影响进行分析,结果显示,人力资本脆弱性对职工家庭整体脆弱性的影响最大,物质资本脆弱性的影响次之,而社会资本脆弱性对职工家庭整体脆弱性的影响不大；最后,从物质资本脆弱性、人力资本脆弱性和社会资本脆弱性三个角度提出转型期国有林区职工家庭脆弱性的消除策略。
[Abstract]:With the construction of large and small Xinganling ecological functional area, the strategy of national main function regionalization has been extended and implemented in the regional level. As a new ecological environment and resource management framework, the construction of ecological functional areas will affect the survival and development of state-owned forest areas. The implementation of the second phase of the natural protection project and the pilot policy of comprehensively stopping commercial logging in the state-owned forest areas of Heilongjiang and Daxinganling on 1 April 2014, These changes will have an impact on the most microscopic individual-forestry workers' families in the state-owned forest system. The implementation of the second phase natural forest resources protection project will focus on improving the people's livelihood in the state-owned forest areas, which is a rare historical opportunity for the families of forestry workers in the state-owned forest areas. The development of state-owned forest area should be a special contract between forest natural capital and social capital. The abundance of natural resources in the state-owned forest region and the poverty or vulnerability of the workers' families may constitute an important contradiction in the development of the forest area and restrict the reform and development of the state-owned forest area. This paper is under the background of the research. The study of this paper will enhance the self-adaptive ability of forestry workers during the transition period of forest area, and has some practical reference significance to solve the problems of people's livelihood in state-owned forest area. Based on the theory of vulnerability and the theory of social capital, this paper firstly analyzes the connotation of family vulnerability of forest workers, and the connection and difference between poverty and vulnerability, on the basis of drawing lessons from and absorbing the relevant research results at home and abroad, and on the basis of vulnerability theory and social capital theory. Considering that poverty is sometimes a major source of vulnerability, but that vulnerability is not only a shortage or lack, but also stresses the inadequacy of self-resilience or adaptability in the face of danger, shocks and external pressure, A degree of insecurity or vulnerability. Firstly, based on the pressure-state-response model, this paper analyzes the external pressures faced by the workers' families in the state-owned forest areas, and the formation and diffusion mechanism of the vulnerability of the workers' families in the forest areas under these pressures. Secondly, based on the research data of the 2013 and 2014 "State Forestry Administration Research Project-key State-owned Forest people's livelihood Monitoring", it is based on the short-term balance panel data of 524 workers' families in state-owned forest areas. Using the method of Ligon and Schechter to measure the family vulnerability, the author calculates the current state of family vulnerability of workers. The results showed that, on the whole, 34.09% of workers' families in northeast state-owned forest areas were trapped in vulnerability, and nearly 1/3 of them were unable to resist the impact of external political, economic and environmental changes. The proportion of family vulnerability of workers in Jilin forest area is the least, only 25.33%, and the proportion of workers' family vulnerability in Heilongjiang forest industry forest area is the largest, which is 47.01%. Then, using the fixed effect regression model and Eviews6.0 statistical software, this paper analyzes the impact of the three dimensions of material capital, human capital and social capital on the vulnerability of workers' families as a whole, and the results show that: The vulnerability of human capital has the greatest impact on the overall vulnerability of workers' families, followed by the vulnerability of material capital, while the vulnerability of social capital has little effect on the vulnerability of workers' families as a whole. Finally, from the three angles of material capital vulnerability, human capital vulnerability and social capital vulnerability, this paper puts forward the strategies to eliminate the family vulnerability of workers in state-owned forest areas during the transition period.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.2

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