民国时期淮南煤矿工人生产与生活状况研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 21:36

本文选题：淮南煤矿 + 煤矿工人　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭对近代工业的发展起着举足轻重的作用,在近代中国,伴随着煤炭工业的迅速发展,煤矿工人队伍逐步壮大起来,无论是对区域经济,还是对社会生活,乃至对政治革命都发挥了独特而重要的作用,是近代一支不容忽视的社会力量。据史载,早在南宋时期,淮南地区就已经开始了煤炭开采,20世纪初期,淮南地区煤矿的开采逐步迈入近代化的正轨,由过去的民间土窑,日渐发展成为大型的近代化企业,至20世纪30年代后期,成为当时最大的国有煤矿企业。随着淮南煤矿的兴盛,矿工群体日益壮大,对淮南社会经济政治的影响逐渐显现出来。本文根据档案史料以及文史资料等,试图从民国时期淮矿工人群体的劳动、家庭生活、社会生活等方面做探讨,以考证当时煤矿工人的生产生活实况。正文第一部分论述了淮南煤矿的发展概况与煤矿工人概况。这一部分首先简要介绍了淮南煤矿从开始开采到到民国时期建成新式企业的发展历程,然后论述了煤矿工人的来源、人数、分工等情况。由于邻近山东枣庄等华北大矿,淮南矿区的工人大多来源于此,部分来自当地失地的农民和无产者。淮南煤矿在建矿初期,仅有二三百工人,到鼎盛时期,最多时工人多达一万八千余人。根据工种的不同,工人们分为里工和外工,他们在薪资待遇上存在较大差别,里工工资要明显高于外工。第二部分论述了煤矿工人的工作条件、工作时间等工作状况以及工资待遇问题。民国时期,淮南煤矿的生产条件仍较为简陋,煤矿工人们的劳动环境十分艰苦而且工作危险性高,井下安全事故频发,严重威胁着工人们的人身安全。工人们的劳动时间很长,而得到的报酬与付出的劳动则不成正比。第三部分论述煤矿工人的家庭生活状况,包括煤矿工人衣食住、婚姻与子女教育等方面。第四部分论述矿工的社会生活,从煤矿工人的业余娱乐生活、陋习与开展的政治经济斗争两个方面进行分析。煤矿工人尽管劳动非常辛苦,然而他们仍保有乐观的态度,苦中作乐,努力丰富自己的业余生活。但是,也存在着赌博、酗酒等不健康的娱乐方式。随着马列主义在中国的广泛传播,煤矿工人中一些先进分子思想逐步觉醒,开始在当地共产党组织的领导下,积极开展同帝国主义、官僚资本主义的斗争。
[Abstract]:Coal plays an important role in the development of modern industry. In modern China, with the rapid development of coal industry, the ranks of coal miners have gradually grown up, both to the regional economy and to social life. Even to the political revolution has played a unique and important role, is a modern social force can not be ignored. According to history, as early as the Southern Song Dynasty, the Huainan region began coal mining in the early 20th century. The mining of coal mines in the Huainan region gradually entered the track of modernization. From the past folk clay kilns, it gradually developed into a large-scale modern enterprise. In the late 1930 s, it became the largest state-owned coal mining enterprise at that time. With the prosperity of Huainan coal mine, the miners' group is growing, and the influence on the social economy and politics of Huainan coal mine appears gradually. Based on the historical data of archives and literature and history, this paper attempts to discuss the labor, family life and social life of the Huai coal miners in the period of the Republic of China, in order to verify the production and life of the coal miners at that time. The first part discusses the development of Huainan coal mine and the general situation of coal miners. This part briefly introduces the development course of Huainan coal mine from the beginning of mining to the period of the Republic of China, and then discusses the source, the number of coal miners, the division of labor and so on. Most of the workers in Huainan mining area come from Zaozhuang, Shandong province and other big mines in North China, and some of them come from local landless farmers and proletarians. Huainan coal mine in the early construction, only 200-300 workers, to the peak of the workers as many as 18000. According to the type of work, workers are divided into domestic workers and foreign workers. There are great differences in their pay, and the wages of local workers are obviously higher than those of foreign workers. The second part discusses the working conditions, working hours and wages of coal miners. During the period of the Republic of China, the production conditions of Huainan coal mine were still relatively simple, the working environment of the coal miners was very hard and the working danger was high, and the underground safety accidents frequently occurred, which seriously threatened the personal safety of the workers. Workers work long hours, and the pay is not proportional to the work they pay. The third part discusses the family living conditions of coal miners, including coal miners' food, clothing and housing, marriage and children's education and so on. The fourth part discusses the social life of miners, from the coal miners leisure life, bad habits and political and economic struggle carried out two aspects. Although the coal miners work very hard, they remain optimistic and happy, trying to enrich their amateur lives. However, there are also gambling, alcoholism and other unhealthy forms of entertainment. With the widespread spread of Marxism-Leninism in China, some advanced elements among the coal miners gradually woke up and began to wage an active struggle against imperialism and bureaucrat-capitalism under the leadership of the local Communist Party.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F429

【参考文献】