北方大型灌区渠井结合配置模式研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 12:13
【摘要】：北方大型渠井结合灌区在保障粮食安全、促进区域经济与生态环境协调发展中具有极其重要的作用。近些年来受气候变化和人类活动的影响,北方灌区水资源短缺,供需矛盾突出,渠井用水比例失调,导致地下水无序开采,农田生态环境劣变,严重影响灌区的可持续发展,因此,进行北方大型灌区渠井结合水量配置和工程配置模式研究具有重要的意义。本文以陕西省泾惠渠灌区为研究对象,在分析渠井结合灌区水循环特征的基础上,运用地下水均衡模型,定量分析了各循环要素之间转换关系;以灌区缺水量最小拟定了适合灌区发展的情景模式,确定了基于地下水位变幅最小的合理渠井用水比例;以地下水的合理开采规模为依据,进行了灌区机井合理布局和渠井结合渠道系统的研究,探讨了渠井结合灌区水资源可持续利用的管理策略。主要研究结论有:(1)概化了灌区水循环系统,通过对降水、地表水(渠水)和地下水(井水)转化关系的分析,认为渠井结合灌溉改变了自然水循环的路径、强度和结构,灌区可利用的水资源除天然降水外,主要是通过渠道引用的地表水和机井开采的地下水,这些水在自然因素和灌溉、开采的影响下循环转化,其结果最直接地反映便是地下水位动态。(2)灌区地下水均衡分析表明,降水入渗补给、渠系渗漏及田间灌溉入渗补给、井灌回归补给是灌区地下水的主要补给源,占总补给量的90%以上;人工开采是灌区地下水的主要排泄途径,占灌区总排泄量的86%以上;利用GIS技术和开采系数法对灌区地下水开发潜力进行了分析计算,结果表明灌区地下水超采面积占总面积的80%以上。(3)基于灌区供需平衡分析结果,对规划水平年(2020年)四种情景模式条件下的地下水均衡进行了计算,以地下水位变幅最小为准则,确定出50%、75%保证率灌区合理的渠井用水比例为2.12和2.11。50%保证率春、夏、冬各灌季合理渠井用水比例分别为2.83、2.03和1.63;75%保证率灌区春、夏、冬各灌季合理渠井用水比例分别为2.41、1.72和1.62。(4)以地下水超采量最小和灌区缺水量相对较小为目标,拟定了不同的地下水开采规模方案,根据地下水均衡计算结果的分析比较,确定了合理的地下水开采规模为16258万m3。运用单井控制面积法计算了各水文地质分区合理的机井数量及井距,初步提出了在灌区现有机井16479眼基础上削减10.9%的调整方案。根据灌区渠井结合工程的运行现状、作物种植结构及需水特点,研究了低压管道输水和U型渠道输水的两种渠井结合形式,并对其输配水工程及管网布设进行了初步规划。(5)分析了渠井结合灌区管理中存在的问题,从健全灌区水资源统一管理体制、促进灌区水价改革、加强灌区地下水监管力度、完善灌区渠井结合工程配置建设等方面,提出了渠井结合灌区水资源高效安全利用的管理策略。
[Abstract]:Large-scale Canal-well irrigated areas in northern China play an important role in ensuring food security and promoting the coordinated development of regional economy and ecological environment.In recent years, affected by climate change and human activities, the water resources in northern irrigation areas are short, the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, the proportion of Canal-well water is out of balance, resulting in disorderly exploitation of groundwater and farmland ecological environment. Deterioration seriously affects the sustainable development of irrigation areas. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the allocation of Canal-well combined water and the allocation model of Engineering in large-scale irrigation areas in northern China. Based on the minimum variation of groundwater level, the rational water use ratio of canals and wells is determined. Based on the reasonable exploitation scale of groundwater, the rational layout of machine wells and the Canal-well combination canal system are studied, and the Canal-well combination canal system is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The water cycle system of irrigation area is generalized. Through the analysis of the relationship among precipitation, surface water (canal water) and groundwater (well water), it is concluded that the Canal-well combination irrigation has changed the path, intensity and structure of natural water cycle, and the available water resources in irrigation area except natural precipitation. It is mainly the surface water quoted by canals and the groundwater extracted by machine wells. These water are recycled and transformed under the influence of natural factors, irrigation and exploitation. The results are most directly reflected by the groundwater level dynamics. (2) The analysis of groundwater balance in irrigation area shows that the recharge of precipitation infiltration, canal system infiltration and field irrigation infiltration, and well irrigation return to recharge. It is the main recharge source of groundwater in the irrigation area, accounting for more than 90% of the total recharge; artificial exploitation is the main discharge way of groundwater in the irrigation area, accounting for more than 86% of the total discharge of groundwater in the irrigation area; the groundwater development potential in the irrigation area is analyzed and calculated by using GIS technology and exploitation coefficient method, and the results show that the groundwater overexploitation area accounts for more than 80% of the total area. (3) Based on the analysis results of supply and demand balance in irrigation area, the groundwater balance under four scenarios in the planning level year (2020) is calculated, and the reasonable proportion of canal and well water in spring, summer and winter is determined to be 2.12% and 2.11.50% with the minimum variation of groundwater level as the criterion. The reasonable water ratio of canals and wells in spring, summer and winter irrigation seasons is 2.41, 1.72 and 1.62 respectively. (4) Different groundwater exploitation schemes are worked out with the aim of minimizing groundwater overdraft and relatively small water shortage in irrigation area. According to the analysis and comparison of the calculation results of groundwater equilibrium, the reasonable land is determined. The scale of groundwater exploitation is 16.25 million m3. The reasonable number and spacing of machine wells in various hydrogeological zones are calculated by using the method of single well controlled area, and the adjustment scheme of reducing 10.9% on the basis of 16,479 existing machine wells in irrigation area is put forward preliminarily. Fifthly, the problems existing in the management of the Canal-well combination irrigation area are analyzed, and the unified management system of water resources in the irrigation area is improved, the reform of water price in the irrigation area is promoted, the supervision of groundwater in the irrigation area is strengthened, and the combination of canal and well in the irrigation area is perfected. In terms of engineering configuration and construction, a management strategy for efficient and safe utilization of water resources in canal well irrigation area is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S277
本文编号：2242675
[Abstract]:Large-scale Canal-well irrigated areas in northern China play an important role in ensuring food security and promoting the coordinated development of regional economy and ecological environment.In recent years, affected by climate change and human activities, the water resources in northern irrigation areas are short, the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, the proportion of Canal-well water is out of balance, resulting in disorderly exploitation of groundwater and farmland ecological environment. Deterioration seriously affects the sustainable development of irrigation areas. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the allocation of Canal-well combined water and the allocation model of Engineering in large-scale irrigation areas in northern China. Based on the minimum variation of groundwater level, the rational water use ratio of canals and wells is determined. Based on the reasonable exploitation scale of groundwater, the rational layout of machine wells and the Canal-well combination canal system are studied, and the Canal-well combination canal system is discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The water cycle system of irrigation area is generalized. Through the analysis of the relationship among precipitation, surface water (canal water) and groundwater (well water), it is concluded that the Canal-well combination irrigation has changed the path, intensity and structure of natural water cycle, and the available water resources in irrigation area except natural precipitation. It is mainly the surface water quoted by canals and the groundwater extracted by machine wells. These water are recycled and transformed under the influence of natural factors, irrigation and exploitation. The results are most directly reflected by the groundwater level dynamics. (2) The analysis of groundwater balance in irrigation area shows that the recharge of precipitation infiltration, canal system infiltration and field irrigation infiltration, and well irrigation return to recharge. It is the main recharge source of groundwater in the irrigation area, accounting for more than 90% of the total recharge; artificial exploitation is the main discharge way of groundwater in the irrigation area, accounting for more than 86% of the total discharge of groundwater in the irrigation area; the groundwater development potential in the irrigation area is analyzed and calculated by using GIS technology and exploitation coefficient method, and the results show that the groundwater overexploitation area accounts for more than 80% of the total area. (3) Based on the analysis results of supply and demand balance in irrigation area, the groundwater balance under four scenarios in the planning level year (2020) is calculated, and the reasonable proportion of canal and well water in spring, summer and winter is determined to be 2.12% and 2.11.50% with the minimum variation of groundwater level as the criterion. The reasonable water ratio of canals and wells in spring, summer and winter irrigation seasons is 2.41, 1.72 and 1.62 respectively. (4) Different groundwater exploitation schemes are worked out with the aim of minimizing groundwater overdraft and relatively small water shortage in irrigation area. According to the analysis and comparison of the calculation results of groundwater equilibrium, the reasonable land is determined. The scale of groundwater exploitation is 16.25 million m3. The reasonable number and spacing of machine wells in various hydrogeological zones are calculated by using the method of single well controlled area, and the adjustment scheme of reducing 10.9% on the basis of 16,479 existing machine wells in irrigation area is put forward preliminarily. Fifthly, the problems existing in the management of the Canal-well combination irrigation area are analyzed, and the unified management system of water resources in the irrigation area is improved, the reform of water price in the irrigation area is promoted, the supervision of groundwater in the irrigation area is strengthened, and the combination of canal and well in the irrigation area is perfected. In terms of engineering configuration and construction, a management strategy for efficient and safe utilization of water resources in canal well irrigation area is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S277
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 常国兴;;人民胜利渠灌区井渠结合调控技术及田间节水工程模式探讨[J];河南水利与南水北调;2012年15期
，本文编号：2242675
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jingjilunwen/quyujingjilunwen/2242675.html
