工资上涨的成本效应:企业出口与对外直接投资的权衡

发布时间：2018-05-07 10:29

本文选题：最低工资标准 + 平均工资　；参考：《经济学动态》2017年09期

【摘要】：随着企业工资指导线和最低工资标准的逐年上调,工资上涨对我国企业国际贸易的成本效应日益显现。本文通过构建Probit联立方程和似无相关模型,考察了最低工资和平均工资上涨将如何对企业出口和对外直接投资(OFDI)行为产生影响。实证结果表明:最低工资和平均工资的上涨在提升企业OFDI意愿的同时抑制了企业的出口,并且出口和OFDI存在协同促进效应;此外,工资上涨对中西部地区以及小规模企业的成本效应显著高于其对东部地区和大中型企业的影响。因此,要实现共同富裕和国际贸易转型升级的协同发展,应着力保障低收入者的生活质量,适度增加社会平均工资水平,在培育中等收入阶层、扩大内需的同时,积极践行出口退税、自贸区建设等鼓励出口的政策措施,将工资上涨对企业出口的负面影响降到最低,从"引进来"到"走出去",实现出口和OFDI协同发展的国际贸易新格局。
[Abstract]:With the increase of wage guidance line and minimum wage standard, the cost effect of wage increase on Chinese enterprises' international trade is becoming more and more obvious. Based on the simultaneous Probit equation and the seemingly unrelated model, this paper examines how the minimum wage and the average wage increase will affect the export and OFDI behavior of firms. The empirical results show that the increase of minimum wage and average wage not only increases the willingness of OFDI, but also inhibits the export of enterprises, and there is a synergistic effect between export and OFDI. The cost effect of wage increase on the Midwest and small enterprises is significantly higher than that on the eastern region and large and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, in order to achieve the coordinated development of common prosperity and the transformation and upgrading of international trade, efforts should be made to ensure the quality of life of low-income people, appropriately increase the average social wage level, while nurturing the middle-income class and expanding domestic demand. We should actively carry out export tax rebate, free trade zone construction and other policies and measures to encourage exports, reduce the negative impact of wage increases on enterprises' exports to the minimum, and realize a new pattern of international trade in which exports and OFDI develop in a coordinated way from "bringing in" to "going out".
【作者单位】：河北大学经济学院;
【基金】：河北省科技厅软科学项目“科技金融与区域创新网络对京津冀经济增长的溢出效应研究”(74576212D) 河北省人文社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“京津冀区域金融一体化发展研究”(ZD201511)的资助
【分类号】：F125;F272.92;F752.62

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