当下民事司法调解的困境与出路

发布时间：2018-04-12 23:24

本文选题：民事调解制度 + 传统法律文化　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国正处于从传统社会向现代社会、从社会主义市场经济初期向社会主义市场经济发展期的转型时期。转型期既是发展的重要战略机遇期,同时也是社会矛盾凸显期。根据我国法治发展历程,调解制度以其特有的优势成为纠纷解决的重要选择,然而由于社会变革的特殊性,这一时期社会所呈现出的纠纷表现出了新型性和多样性的特点,传统的司法调解机制已经不足以应对,因此,建立和完善民事司法调解制度是当前以及今后一段时期内我国化解矛盾纠纷,促进社会和谐的重要目标和任务。本文将立足于我国民事调解制度的渊源、国外新型调解制度以及我国司法改革现状对完善现有民事司法调解制度提出相应对策,希望对完善民事司法调解制度能有所裨益。本文除了引言和结论,共分为四个部分:第一部分,民事司法调解制度概述。首先,对民事司法调解制度的内涵加以界定,剖析民事司法调解制度的具体特点,概括介绍我国民事司法调解制度的外延,主要有法院主持的司法调解以及法院参与委托和确认的调解;其次,追溯我国民事司法调解制度发展的思想渊源和发展历程;最后,概括介绍国外几种典型的民事司法调解制度。第二部分,当下中国民事司法调解制度的现实困境。首先,介绍当前司法调解制度所处的政治、经济环境以及发展现状;其次,介绍司法调解所面临的困境:主要存在当事人的自愿性受到干扰、法官的中立性模糊不清、调解程序的灵活性优势难以体现、让步息讼与权利保护相矛盾四方面弊端。第三部分,以ADR模式重塑我国民事司法调解制度的可能性分析。首先,笔者概括介绍了司法ADR的概念与发展历程与典型模式,与传统诉讼程序相较而言,ADR在程序、纠纷解决机构、纠纷裁判依据以及法律效力上都有较大不同;其次,介绍司法ADR的功能:分流案件、解决纠纷缓和冲突,保障当事人实体正义;最后,分析其在中国建立的可行性:与中国文化相契合、与和谐社会相契合、有助于缓解了现行法院的办案压力、消除了现行法院调解的弊端、减轻了当事人的诉讼成本,也有利于改善民众的司法感受。第四部分,ADR模式为主体的民事司法调解制度完善的具体路径。即如何构建我国法院调解模式:包括确保当事人的宪法权利、相关程序衔接、选任主持ADR活动的人员、完善诉前调解制度、中立第三方评估制度的构建、规范法院委托调解与司法确认程序以及发展诉前保全措施以保障司法调解的顺利进行。
[Abstract]:China is in a period of transition from traditional society to modern society and from the initial stage of socialist market economy to the period of development of socialist market economy.The transition period is not only the important strategic opportunity period of development, but also the prominent period of social contradiction.According to the development of our country's rule of law, the mediation system has become an important choice for dispute resolution with its unique advantages. However, due to the particularity of social change, the disputes presented in this period show the characteristics of new style and diversity.The traditional judicial mediation mechanism is not enough to deal with it. Therefore, establishing and perfecting the civil judicial mediation system is an important goal and task for resolving contradictions and disputes and promoting social harmony in China at present and in the future.This article will be based on the origin of civil mediation system in China, foreign new mediation system and the current situation of judicial reform in China to improve the existing civil judicial mediation system to put forward the corresponding countermeasures, hoping to improve the civil judicial mediation system can be beneficial.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of civil judicial mediation system.First of all, the connotation of civil judicial mediation system is defined, the specific characteristics of civil judicial mediation system are analyzed, and the extension of civil judicial mediation system is introduced.There are mainly judicial mediation presided over by the court and mediation commissioned and confirmed by the court; secondly, the ideological origin and development process of the development of civil judicial mediation system in China are traced back; finally,This paper introduces several typical civil judicial mediation systems abroad.The second part, the present Chinese civil judicial mediation system's realistic predicament.First of all, it introduces the current political, economic environment and current situation of the judicial mediation system. Secondly, it introduces the dilemma that the judicial mediation faces: the voluntary nature of the main parties is interfered with, the neutrality of the judge is unclear.The flexibility advantage of mediation procedure is difficult to embody, and there are four disadvantages in conciliatory litigation and right protection.The third part analyzes the possibility of reshaping China's civil judicial mediation system with ADR model.Firstly, the author introduces the concept, development course and typical model of judicial ADR, which is different from the traditional litigation procedure in procedure, dispute settlement mechanism, dispute adjudication basis and legal effect.This paper introduces the functions of judicial ADR: diverting cases, resolving disputes and alleviating conflicts, and safeguarding the substantive justice of the parties. Finally, it analyzes the feasibility of establishing judicial ADR in China: it is compatible with Chinese culture and harmonious society.It helps to relieve the pressure of the current court case, eliminate the malpractice of the current court mediation, reduce the litigant's litigation cost, and improve the people's judicial feeling.The fourth part is ADR model as the main body of civil judicial mediation system perfect specific path.That is, how to construct the court mediation model of our country: to ensure the constitutional rights of the parties, to link up the relevant procedures, to select and preside over the ADR activities, to perfect the pre-litigation mediation system, and to construct the neutral third-party evaluation system.Standardize the procedure of court entrusting mediation and judicial confirmation, and develop pre-litigation preservation measures to ensure the smooth progress of judicial mediation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

【参考文献】