社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 10:31

本文选题：风险治理 + 社交媒体　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：现代社会治理方式正在发生巨大改变,发展理念、组织协调和组织方式方面已经发生深刻而广泛的变化,政府、企业、公众、非政府组织等,不断参与到治理和决策的过程当中,这不可避免地会影响到自然灾害的处理方式。大多数自然巨灾风险包含了复杂性、不确定性和多义性的复合。自然巨灾在风险社会中具有和政治、社会、文化复杂的联系。自然巨灾的社会与自然双重属性共同构建了众多的交叉研究谱系,巨灾风险的研究也从风险管理迈入风险治理的全新阶段和范式。近年来,社交媒体极大的改变了人类的生活和灾害治理。理论上,社交媒体的五大关键特性：集体,连通,完整性,清晰度和协作,使其适合于风险治理。实践中,社交媒体也在灾害救助中显示出巨大的力量。社交媒体已经成为综合的风险治理工具之一,它不仅是信息工具,也是风险建构工具、风险沟通工具、情感联系工具、社会参与工具。本文全面考察社交媒体对提高巨灾的可治理性的优势和局限。由于目前国内学界还缺乏相关系统性的理论分析框架,也没有完整的理论研究思路和基本的研究内容体系可资借鉴,本文基于巨灾风险治理的框架,围绕社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用从以下几个方面展开具体研究。第一章、绪论部分。基于巨灾风险的严峻形势与传统巨灾风险管理遇到的挑战,说明研究的选题背景,指出社交媒体在灾害救助中显示出巨大的力量,社交媒体与巨灾风险治理的进一步融合将无可避免。并总括性地给出本文的研究思路、研究方法、创新以及不足之处。第二章、理论回顾及综述。社交媒体在风险治理中的作用很大程度上是基于现代风险社会中风险的建构性。风险本身又是多主体性和跨学科性,因此引入风险治理框架,更适于分析。该部分全面深入地对风险、巨灾风险、风险治理、巨灾风险治理以及社交媒体的基本概念和基本特征进行科学合理的分析和阐述。风险治理又和国家的政治经济环境、风险类型密切相关,各个利益相关者的角度和作用各异,因此该部分在IRGC的风险治理框架基础上加以扩充确立了本文的巨灾风险治理框架。第三章、社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用机制。本章从风险社会中的自然巨灾的特征出发,指出风险治理框架应用于自然巨灾的可行性和原则,考察了利用社交媒体进行自然巨灾风险治理的参与主体,然后从总体作用机制、核心作用机制、工具性使用机制、参与性使用机制、情感性使用机制考察了社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用机制。最后论述了社交媒体带来的治理挑战。第四章、社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用实践。鉴于巨灾风险是关乎人类生存与可持续发展的重大社会问题之一,不少饱受巨灾伤害的国家和地区早已开始了对巨灾风险管理的探索和实践。近年来,发达国家、欠发达国家以及我国都在巨灾中大量运用了社交媒体。但由于制度、法律、技术、社会资本等方面的差异,表现出了不同的层次和特色。本章对美国、中国以及海地地震、斯里兰卡海啸、日本地震运用社交媒体的实践进行了回顾和分析。接下来基于风险治理框架,按照主要的参与主体分别考察其在巨灾风险治理中对社交媒体的运用。第五章、政府利用社交媒体参与巨灾风险治理的分析。指出巨灾风险及其产生的危机与紧急灾难的处理,已经成为政府面临的重大挑战,政府治理理念正在转变。本章将社交媒体作为一种政策工具,分析政府利用社交媒体进行巨灾风险治理的作用框架和作用原理。并以一个相对简化的经济学均衡模型,说明政府往往在巨灾的事前预防和风险沟通方面会投入不足,而社交媒体作为一种高效率、低成本的政策工具和手段,可以使政府在巨灾的预防、风险沟通、风险文化塑造方面更有效率。第六章、以保险公司为重点,对市场主体利用社交媒体参与风险治理进行了分析。社交媒体以其较强的交互性、迅速性、便捷性和开放性等特点,所展现的巨大的影响力和上升趋势,对于巨灾风险管理和巨灾保险市场建设都是重大的机遇和挑战。为了研究社交媒体对巨灾保险市场均衡的影响,本章构建了一个包括政府、保险公司、消费者三方的巨灾保险市场的演化博弈模型,重点分析了社交媒体通过作用于消费者的风险感知和产品价值感知,进而对巨灾保险市场的演化均衡的影响途径,并对该模型的演化均衡进行了详细的比较静态分析。结果显示合理使用社交媒体,可以通过影响消费者的风险感知、保险公司的产品成本、理赔效率等方面,更低成本、更有效率地促进巨灾保险市场的均衡。最后基于以上模型提出了相应的建议。第七章、对公众利用社交媒体参与巨灾风险治理进行了分析。重点基于公众的参与性使用进行了考察,指出传统的层级式救灾将公众排除在决策外,而公众通过社交媒体的参与有利于形成集体智慧,并分别考察了公众利用社交媒体参与巨灾风险治理的几种形式。第八章、社交媒体在巨灾风险沟通中的作用。风险沟通可以引导公众对风险接受程度、风险感知、进而影响社会行动、经济活动、伦理认同、人际互动的认知,因此风险沟通已经变成风险治理中关键性的建构程序。本章分析了巨灾中风险沟通的意义,利用社交媒体进行风险沟通的框架、机制。对于相应的挑战,重点分析了社交媒体使用过程中谣言产生和抑制的机制。最后我们对有效利用社交媒体进行巨灾风险沟通提出了相关的建议。第九章、社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用评价。对于风险治理中的影响和作用,在IRGC的风险治理框架中并没有相关的评估环节,相关文献也鲜有涉及,本章进行初步的尝试,试图建立一个衡量社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中作用的评价框架和指标体系。第十章、主要结论和展望。本章是对全文的总结和补充。论述本文研究中所得到的主要结论、核心观点,以及研究过程中存在的不足和未来研究展望。通过上述分析与探索,本文取得了如下进展和创新： 1、系统性地分析了社交媒体在巨灾风险治理中的作用,填补了我国巨灾风险治理的相关理论空白目前国内外有关于社交媒体在巨灾风险管理中的作用并没有形成系统化理论化的学科体系和研究框架。本文通过总结回顾国内外的主要相关研究,基于风险治理的框架,全面分析和阐述了社交媒体在巨灾风险治理的作用机制与运用建议。 2、全面探索了在巨灾风险治理各主体、各环节中更有效地利用社交媒体的新思路本文基于理论模型分析和案例实践分析,就各参与主体和灾害各阶段如何利用社交媒体改进巨灾风险治理,提出了相关的思路与建议。 3、创新性地通过演化博弈理论和风险感知理论分析了社交媒体对于巨灾保险市场均衡的改善作用构建了一个包括政府、保险公司、消费者三方的巨灾保险市场的演化博弈模型,重点分析了社交媒体通过作用于消费者的风险感知和产品价值感知,进而对巨灾保险市场的演化均衡的影响途径。
[Abstract]:Great changes have taken place in the way of modern social governance. Profound and extensive changes have taken place in the concept of development, organization and coordination and organization. The government, enterprises, the public, non-governmental organizations and so on are constantly involved in the process of governance and decision-making, which inevitably affects the treatment of natural disasters.
Most natural catastrophe risks include complexity, uncertainty and polysemy. Natural catastrophe has a complex relationship with politics, society and culture in the risk society. The social and natural dual attributes of natural catastrophe build a multitudinous cross research pedigree, and the study of catastrophe risk has also stepped into risk management from risk management. A new phase and paradigm.
In recent years, social media has dramatically changed human life and disaster management. In theory, the five key features of social media are collective, connectivity, integrity, clarity, and collaboration, making it suitable for risk management. In practice, social media also shows great power in disaster relief. Social media has become a comprehensive risk treatment. One of the tools, it is not only an information tool, but also a risk building tool, a risk communication tool, an emotional communication tool, and a social participation tool.
This article reviews the advantages and limitations of social media to improve the manageability of catastrophe. Due to the lack of systematic theoretical framework, complete theoretical research and basic research content system, this paper is based on the framework of catastrophe risk management and the social media in the catastrophe wind. The role of risk management is studied from the following aspects.
The first chapter, the introduction part. Based on the severe situation of catastrophe risk and the challenge of the traditional catastrophe risk management, this paper illustrates the background of the study, points out that the social media has shown great strength in disaster relief, and the further integration of social media and catastrophe risk management will be inevitable. Research methods, innovation and inadequacies.
The second chapter, the theoretical review and summary. The role of social media in risk management is largely based on the constructivism of risk in modern risk society. Risk itself is multi-agent and interdisciplinary, so the risk management framework is introduced, which is more suitable for analysis. This part is comprehensive and in-depth on risk, catastrophe risk, risk management, catastrophe wind. Risk governance and the basic concepts and basic characteristics of social media are scientifically and rationally analyzed and expounded. Risk management is closely related to the country's political and economic environment, risk types, and the angles and functions of each stakeholder are different. Therefore, this part of this part has been expanded to establish the catastrophe of this article on the basis of the framework of IRGC's risk management. The risk governance framework.
The third chapter, the role mechanism of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. This chapter, starting from the characteristics of natural catastrophe in the risk society, points out the feasibility and principles of the application of the framework of risk management to natural catastrophe, and examines the main body of the use of social media for the management of natural catastrophe risk, and then from the overall mechanism of action and the core role. The mechanism, the tool use mechanism, the participatory use mechanism and the emotional use mechanism examine the role mechanism of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. Finally, it discusses the governance challenges brought by social media.
The fourth chapter, the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. In view of the catastrophe risk is one of the major social problems related to human survival and sustainable development, many countries and regions have already begun to explore and practice catastrophe risk management. In recent years, developed countries, less developed countries and our country Social media is widely used in catastrophe, but the differences in system, law, technology and social capital show different levels and characteristics. This chapter reviews and analyzes the practice of the social media in the United States, China and Haiti, the tsunami in Sri Lanka and the use of social media in Japan.
Next, based on the risk governance framework, we will examine the use of social media in catastrophe risk management according to the main participants.
In the fifth chapter, the government uses social media to take part in the management of catastrophe risk. It points out that the risk of catastrophe and its crisis and emergency disaster treatment have become a major challenge for the government. The concept of government governance is changing. This chapter uses social media as a policy tool to analyze the government's use of social media for catastrophic risk. A relatively simplified economic equilibrium model shows that the government is often inadequately invested in the prevention and risk communication of catastrophe, and social media, as an efficient and low-cost policy tool and means, can make the government prevent catastrophe, communicate risk, and create a culture of risk. It is more efficient to make up.
The sixth chapter, focusing on insurance companies, analyzes market participants' participation in risk governance by social media. Social media, with its strong interaction, rapidity, convenience and openness, shows great influence and rising trend. It is a major opportunity for the management of catastrophe risk and the construction of catastrophe insurance market. In order to study the impact of social media on the equilibrium of catastrophe insurance market, this chapter constructs an evolutionary game model of catastrophe insurance market, which includes government, insurance companies and consumer three parties. It focuses on the analysis of the social media's role in the risk perception and product value perception of consumers, and then to the catastrophe insurance market. The result shows that the rational use of social media can promote the equilibrium of the catastrophe insurance market by affecting the consumer's risk perception, the cost of the insurance company, the efficiency of claims and so on. The above model put forward the corresponding suggestions.
In the seventh chapter, the public uses social media to take part in the management of catastrophe risk. The focus is based on the participation of the public. It is pointed out that the traditional hierarchical disaster relief will exclude the public from the decision-making, and the public's participation through social media is beneficial to the formation of collective intelligence, and the public use of social media to participate respectively. Several forms of catastrophe risk management.
The eighth chapter is the role of social media in catastrophic risk communication. Risk communication can lead the public to risk acceptance, risk perception, and then influence social action, economic activity, ethical identity, and interpersonal interaction. Therefore, risk communication has become a key construction procedure in risk management. This chapter analyses the risk gully in catastrophe. The framework and mechanism of the use of social media for risk communication. With regard to the corresponding challenges, it focuses on the mechanism of rumor generation and suppression in the use of social media. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on the effective use of social media for catastrophic risk communication.
The ninth chapter is the evaluation of the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. The impact and role of the risk governance is not related to the risk management framework of IRGC, and the relevant literature is rarely involved. This chapter tries to establish an evaluation frame to measure the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. Frame and index system.
The tenth chapter, the main conclusions and prospects. This chapter is a summary and supplement to the full text. This chapter discusses the main conclusions, the core views, and the shortcomings in the study and the future research prospects.
Through the above analysis and exploration, this article has made the following progress and Innovation:
1, we systematically analyzed the role of social media in catastrophe risk governance, and filled the theoretical gaps of catastrophe risk governance in China.
At present, the role of social media in the management of catastrophe risk has not formed a systematic theoretical system and research framework. By summarizing and reviewing the main related research at home and abroad and based on the framework of risk management, this paper comprehensively analyzes and expounds the mechanism and application of social media in the management of catastrophe risk. Suggestion.
2, we have comprehensively explored new ways to make more effective use of social media in the main bodies and links of catastrophe risk management.
Based on the theoretical model analysis and case practice analysis, this paper puts forward some relevant ideas and suggestions on how to use social media to improve the management of catastrophe risk by each participant and each stage of the disaster.
3, the innovative game theory and risk perception theory are used to analyze the improvement of social media on catastrophe insurance market equilibrium.
The evolution game model of catastrophe insurance market, which includes three parties of government, insurance company and consumer, is constructed, and the impact of social media on the evolution equilibrium of catastrophe insurance market is analyzed with emphasis on the social media's risk perception and product value perception.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G206;D630

【参考文献】