宋代工笔花鸟画的写实与写生倾向研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 19:21

本文选题：工笔花鸟画 + 写生　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：花鸟画是中国传统绘画的一个重要的组成部分,它的创作理念和创作技法完全不同于西方的美学体系,并且更多的把注意力投注到自然界的花草虫鱼之中去,力图再造审美主体并将画者自身的感情融入进去。两宋时期是花鸟画发展的黄金时期,由于政治、经济等原因,绘画被提到一个新的高度,无论是从内容、题材、形式上都更加完善,呈现了空前的繁荣。这时的花鸟画传达出了画家们的审美情趣,也同时间接的反映了宋代的社会心理和集体审美倾向,即崇尚“平和简淡”,追求清净、平和、简明、淡雅。宋代花鸟画家们多都注重写生,讲究写生要师造化,师造化就必须深入自然,须由外及内仔细观察自然,既从外面观察,又从内在孕育。其实宋代花鸟画家们画的工笔花鸟画绝不仅仅是一幅画而已,里面似乎倾注着他们对自然、对奇花异草、对飞禽走兽的无限热爱和崇高敬意。不管怎么说,作为中国工笔花鸟画难以愉悦的巅峰,宋画是具备了许多出类拔萃的特色和艺术特征的。首先,宋代工笔花鸟画非常注重写生与写实,这一点恰恰也是我们想要着重谈论和研究、一探究竟的地方。宋代画家以贴近生活和自然去观察与写生为风尚,画出来的对象要求由内而外的结构和细节要准确生动,甚至苛刻到了同一种动植物在不同季节不同时辰所展现出来的不同状态都必须符合常理的地步。宋画要画得像,画得形似,却又要求画面不能机械地照搬对象,而是要求画家在细致描绘对象细节的同时,创作出来一种诗情画意的画面感,要唯美,要有神,要表达自己内心的情感。也有很多画作它不仅仅是当做艺术品来收藏的,也需要具备一些使用的价值,或者可以理解为用艺术品装点自己的生活,使生活中充满着艺术。就这样,中国花鸟画一路发展下来,到了宋代的时候终于形成了一座难以逾越的高峰,成为了后世一笔巨大的艺术财富。宋代工笔花鸟画所发展出来的一系列技法和理论,对后世产生着巨大的影响,直到今天我们研习工笔花鸟画的时候都是先从临摹宋画开始。宋代画家们有许许多多的值得我们研究与学习的地方,尤其是写实与写生的精神以及产生出来的一系列好的成果,是特别值得我们后辈去探求和继承的。新时代的画家们不能仅仅是依靠着前人留下来的遗产一直没有创新和发展,而我们的创新和发展就需要到生活中去观察,去写生,去发现新的东西。
[Abstract]:Flower and bird painting is an important part of Chinese traditional painting, its creative idea and creative techniques are completely different from the western aesthetic system, and more attention is devoted to the natural flowers, insects and fish. Try to recreate the aesthetic subject and put the artist's own feelings into it. The period of Song Dynasty is the golden period of the development of flower and bird painting. Because of political, economic and other reasons, painting has been raised to a new height, whether from the content, subject matter, form are more perfect, showing unprecedented prosperity. At this time, the flower and bird paintings convey the aesthetic taste of the painters, but also indirectly reflect the social psychology and collective aesthetic tendency of the Song Dynasty, that is, advocating "peace and simplicity", the pursuit of purity, peace, simplicity, elegant. Most of the flower and bird painters in the Song Dynasty paid attention to sketching, and stressed that painting should be done by teachers, who must go deep into nature and observe nature from the outside and inside, both from the outside and from the inside. In fact, the meticulous flower-and-bird paintings painted by the flower-and-bird painters of the Song Dynasty are more than a painting, which seems to pour their infinite love and high respect for nature, strange flowers and plants, and birds and beasts. In any case, as the peak of Chinese meticulous flower-and-bird painting, Song painting has many outstanding characteristics and artistic features. First of all, the Song Dynasty fine brushwork flower-and-bird painting attaches great importance to sketch and realism, which is exactly what we want to discuss and study. In the Song Dynasty, painters took it as a fashion to observe and write close to life and nature, and the objects of the paintings were required to be accurate and vivid from inside to outside in structure and detail. It is even so harsh that the state of the same animal and plant at different times and seasons must be reasonable. Song painting should be similar in shape, but it requires that the picture should not mechanically copy the object. Instead, it requires the painter to create a kind of poetic picture feeling while describing the details of the object in detail. He must be aesthetically and spiritually. Express your inner feelings. There are also many paintings that are not only collected as works of art, but also have some value to use, or can be understood to decorate their lives with works of art, so that life is filled with art. Chinese flower and bird painting developed all the way, and finally formed an insurmountable peak in the Song Dynasty, and became a great artistic wealth for later generations. A series of techniques and theories developed in the meticulous brushwork of the Song Dynasty have a great influence on the later generations. Until today, when we study the fine brushwork, we begin with copying the Song paintings. The painters of the Song Dynasty have many places to study and study, especially the spirit of realism and sketch and a series of good results, which are especially worthy of our posterity to explore and inherit. The painters of the new era can not just rely on the legacy left by their predecessors has not been innovative and development, and our innovation and development needs to go to life to observe, to paint, to find new things.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J212

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