历史唯物主义的文化—政治哲学维度——布达佩斯学派关于马克思社会历史理论的思考

发布时间：2018-11-09 16:21

【摘要】：针对马克思有关历史唯物主义内涵及其指向的一系列论断,匈牙利布达佩斯学派诸成员分别从历史理论、阶级革命以及社会主义运动三个维度,进行了批判性的反思和创造性的解读。首先,从唯物史观的逻辑理路来看,学派成员将马克思宏观的"历史哲学"重新诠释为具有微观文化意义的"历史理论",从而弥合了马克思有关资本主义必然灭亡这一结论中存在的"实践哲学"和"实证科学"之间的理论张力,并规避了社会主义必然实现这一预设内所隐含的"历史目的论"倾向。其次,对唯物史观的主要内容而言,学派成员从实证的政治经济规律出发,详细考察由资本生产引出但未被明确定位的无产阶级群体,其特有的历史文化意义与阶级意识,之于社会革命的合法性问题。再次,就唯物史观的最终指向来说,学派成员结合马克思的劳动解放理论,对社会主义制度下可能出现的异化现象作出了相应的政治哲学批判,并以此重塑了马克思社会主义学说的人道主义立场。值得一提的是,布达佩斯学派对唯物史观的反思,实现了马克思宏观的社会—经济分析向微观的政治—文化考察的转向,其实质毋宁是以资本生产范式批判为前提的文化—政治哲学批判。
[Abstract]:In view of a series of theories about the connotation and direction of historical materialism by Marx, the members of Budapest School of Hungary, from three dimensions of historical theory, class revolution and socialist movement, are divided into three dimensions: historical theory, class revolution and socialist movement. It carries on critical reflection and creative interpretation. First of all, from the logical point of view of historical materialism, members of the school reinterpreted Marx's macroscopic "philosophy of history" as a "historical theory" with micro-cultural significance. Thus bridging the theoretical tension between "practical philosophy" and "empirical science" in Marx's conclusion that capitalism must perish. And it evades the tendency of historical teleology implied in the inevitable realization of socialism. Secondly, with regard to the main content of historical materialism, the members of the school, from the perspective of positive political and economic laws, investigate in detail the specific historical and cultural significance and class consciousness of the proletarian group, which is derived from the capital production but has not been clearly defined. The legitimacy of the social revolution. Thirdly, as far as the ultimate direction of historical materialism is concerned, the members of the school, combined with Marx's theory of labor liberation, criticize the possible alienation phenomenon under the socialist system. And thus reinventing the humanitarianism standpoint of Marxist socialism theory. It is worth mentioning that the reflection of the Budapest School on historical materialism has turned Marx's macro-socio-economic analysis into a micro-political-cultural study. Its essence is rather a critique of cultural-political philosophy on the premise of critique of capital production paradigm.
【作者单位】：南京大学马克思主义学院;南京大学中国特色社会主义理论研究中心;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金第9批特别资助项目“布达佩斯学派的文化—政治哲学批判研究”(项目号:2016T90449)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D0

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