高速公路重特大事故现场应急处置流程优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 13:34

本文选题：高速公路 + 交通事故　；参考：《暨南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速公路基础设施发展迅速,交通安全形势也日渐严峻,特别是重特大事故频发,造成重大伤亡和财产损失。现场应急处置是事故应急救援的核心,优化完善高速公路重特大事故现场应急处置流程对规范事故处置程序,提高事故处置效率意义重大。高速公路重特大事故应急处置流程主要包括“事故报警-先期处置-启动响应-现场处置-应急结束”5个环节。流程运转主要存在事故信息传输效率低、应急响应时间长、现场处置效率低、部门协调联动不足等四方面问题,对事故应急救援和高速公路通行效率造成了影响。其主要原因有五方面:流程设置缺乏针对性、可操作性;事故报告和信息采集、传输环节存在不足;应急响应缺乏具体的时间条件约束;不重视先期处置;部门之间缺乏合作协调。本文利用危机生命周期理论、事故致因理论,对广州“6.29”重大交通事故不同的周期段特征及相对应的应急处置进行个案分析,并在综合分析2011-2014年全国高速公路重特大交通事故现场应急处置情况基础上,提出了高速公路重特大事故现场应急处置流程优化建议。即结合事故应急处置“初始、发展、高峰、衰退”四个阶段对事故信息处理、先期处置、应急响应、现场处置和后期处置等关键环节提出优化措施,并对特殊类型事故应急处置流程作了强化。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway infrastructure, the traffic safety situation is becoming more and more serious, especially the frequent occurrence of serious and serious accidents, resulting in heavy casualties and property losses.On-site emergency treatment is the core of emergency rescue of accidents. It is of great significance to optimize and perfect the flow of emergency disposal of serious and serious accidents on the freeway to standardize the procedures of dealing with accidents and to improve the efficiency of dealing with accidents.The emergency treatment flow of serious and serious accidents of expressway mainly includes five links: accident alarm-advance disposal-starting response-site disposal-emergency ending.There are four main problems in process operation, such as low transmission efficiency of accident information, long emergency response time, low efficiency of field disposal and insufficient coordination and linkage of departments, which have an impact on the efficiency of emergency rescue and expressway traffic.The main reasons are as follows: lack of pertinence and maneuverability of process setup, insufficient of accident report and information collection, lack of specific time constraints in emergency response, lack of attention to advance disposal;There is a lack of coordination between departments.Based on the theory of crisis life cycle and the theory of accident cause, this paper analyzes the characteristics of different periods of "6.29" major traffic accident in Guangzhou and the corresponding emergency treatment.On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the situation of emergency disposal of serious and serious traffic accidents in China from 2011 to 2014, the paper puts forward some suggestions for optimizing the emergency disposal flow in the field of serious and serious accidents in expressway.That is, combining the four stages of accident emergency disposal "initial, development, peak and recession", it puts forward the optimization measures for the key links of accident information processing, pre-disposal, emergency response, on-site disposal and post-treatment.And the special type of accident emergency handling process has been strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.31

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