道路交通安全驾驶行为的视觉生理特性研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 09:20

本文选题：交通安全 + 驾驶行为　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：驾驶员作为驾驶行为的主要执行者，获取的交通信息主要来源于视觉，在不同路况下，驾驶员的视觉变化也不同。城市道路交通事故多发生在车流量较大的路段或交叉口，在行车过程中，驾驶员对路段危险性的感知能力直接影响到驾驶安全，而驾驶员的感知和反应会通过眼动变化体现出来。因此，设计不同路况下驾驶员的眼动变化试验，采集眼动数据，分析驾驶员眼动变化与不同道路环境之间的关系，找出驾驶过程中驾驶员的眼动变化规律，为道路安全评价提供理论依据是非常重要的。本文基于国内外相关研究，设计实际道路驾驶试验和虚拟驾驶试验，试验采用眼动仪采集驾驶员视觉特性数据。虚拟驾驶试验中，选择驾驶经验丰富的驾驶员和缺乏经验的驾驶员，对同一条路线进行试验，采集眼动数据。实际道路驾驶试验中，只选用驾驶经验丰富的驾驶员，在驾驶过程中，对路况进行全程录像，监测人员对汽车经过拐弯、过红绿灯、减速带等位置的时间重点标注。处理采集的眼动数据，得到精确的眨眼频率、眨眼持续时间、视觉注视点的变化图形。根据图形变化规律，分析路况与眼动变化的关系、虚拟驾驶与实际道路驾驶规律的相似性和差异性。试验分析数据结果表明，在虚拟驾驶试验中和实际道路驾驶试验中，驾驶员的眼动变化规律类似。驾驶员的眨眼持续时间与交通环境有关，复杂道路环境下行驶时，驾驶员的眨眼频率增加、眨眼持续时间减小。驾驶员的眼动变化与驾驶经验有关，虚拟驾驶中，驾驶经验丰富的驾驶员比缺乏驾驶经验的驾驶员的眨眼频率低，眨眼持续时间长，且有经验的驾驶员视觉注视点主要集中在水平方向，缺乏驾驶经验的驾驶员视觉注视点主要集中在垂直方向。
[Abstract]:As the main executor of driving behavior, the traffic information obtained by drivers mainly comes from vision, and the visual changes of drivers are also different under different road conditions.Most urban road traffic accidents occur on the road sections or intersections with large traffic flow. In the course of driving, drivers' perception of road sections' danger directly affects driving safety.The driver's perception and response will be reflected through eye movements.Therefore, we design the eye movement change test of drivers under different road conditions, collect eye movement data, analyze the relationship between driver eye movement change and different road environment, and find out the law of driver eye movement change in driving process.It is very important to provide theoretical basis for road safety evaluation.Based on the domestic and foreign related research, the actual road driving test and the virtual driving test are designed. The eye movement instrument is used to collect the driver's visual characteristic data.In the virtual driving test, the experienced driver and the inexperienced driver are chosen to test the same route and collect the eye movement data.In the actual road driving test, only the experienced driver is selected. In the driving process, the road condition is recorded all the time, and the time of the vehicle passing through the bend, the traffic light and the speed reducer is highlighted.By processing the collected eye movement data, the changing patterns of blink frequency, duration and visual fixation point are obtained.According to the pattern changing law, the relationship between road condition and eye movement change, the similarity and difference between virtual driving and actual road driving law are analyzed.The experimental results show that in the virtual driving test and the actual road driving test, the change of eye movement of the driver is similar.The blink duration of the driver is related to the traffic environment. When driving in the complex road environment, the blink frequency increases and the blink duration decreases.Driver's eye movement change is related to driving experience. In virtual driving, drivers with rich driving experience have lower blink frequency and longer blink duration than those with less driving experience.The visual fixation points of the experienced drivers are mainly concentrated in the horizontal direction, and the visual fixation points of the drivers lacking the driving experience are mainly concentrated in the vertical direction.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U491.254

【参考文献】