不同交通方式的典型出行链模式服务特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 08:17

本文选题：交通方式 + 出行链　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济水平的发展,人民生活水平逐步提高,居民的出行活动越来越丰富,然而城市交通的供给却依然有限,交通需求与供给的不平衡,使交通问题进一步恶化,各大城市的交通拥堵已经成为一种常态化的现象。优先发展公共交通是解决城市交通问题的核心已经成为共识,国家政策也支持公共交通优先发展。虽然国家政策良好,加大对公交的投入,同时采取限制小汽车的措施,但是受公交方式本身非门到门、不连续的特点以及缺乏公交服务模式创新等交通方式服务特征因素的影响,公交发展依然乏力,小汽车保有量依然迅猛增长。论文选题结合国家自然科学基金——“城市自行车交通换乘机理及换乘节点优化方法研究(编号51068013)”,以出行链为视角,研究步行、自行车、快速公交、私家车等交通方式在不同出行链模式下的服务特征。目前对居民交通方式出行的研究中,主要关注的是一次出行中使用交通工具出行距离最长的方式,而忽略了交通方式本身的服务特征,而出行者看中的又恰恰是公交方式的服务特征。在出行链的出行过程中,出行多以连续性的多目的出行为主,多数公交出行都需要进行换乘,在这样的情况下,各种交通方式的服务特征就会产生差别。论文从出行链的视角出发,采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,分析了不同交通方式在出行链模式下的服务特征。首先总结出三种典型的出行链模式：轴线型、L型链点转折点共点和L型转折点链点不共点三种典型的出行链模式,选取了城市客运体系中的步行、自行车、电动自行车、常规公交、快速公交、地铁、出租车、私家车八种常见的交通方式与其做匹配研究。然后分析了在最大出行时间确定的条件下,不同交通方式在典型出行链模式下的最大出行距离以及最大出行距离与相关影响因素的关系。最后在出行距离确定的情况下,通过对各项时间取值后,分析得到了不同交通方式的全链出行时间、相对优势出行距离以及门到门速度等服务特征。已有的对交通方式的研究多数都是基于一次出行的,多数是从基础设施的供给特性和交通方式的技术特征研究出行方式,忽略了交通方式的连续性和门到门等特征,很少有学者从出行链的角度去分析不同交通方式在出行链模式下所具有的服务特征。论文研究的是单一方式在非组合的情况下的服务特征,论文的研究有助于进一步认识在出行链的模式中不同交通方式所具有的服务特征,对交通系统中的不同方式进行重新定位,为公交优先的设计、相关交通政策的制定和交通规划的编制提供更为合理和科学的理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of social and economic level, people's standard of living has been improved gradually, and residents' travel activities have become more and more abundant. However, the supply of urban transportation is still limited, and the imbalance between traffic demand and supply has further aggravated the traffic problem. Traffic congestion in major cities has become a regular phenomenon. Priority development of public transport is the core of solving urban traffic problems has become a consensus, national policies also support the priority development of public transport. Although the state has a good policy to increase investment in public transport and take measures to restrict cars, but the mode of public transport itself is not door-to-door. Because of the discontinuity and the lack of innovation of public transportation service mode, the development of public transportation is still weak, and the number of cars is still increasing rapidly. Combined with the National Natural Science Foundation of China-"study on Urban Bicycle Traffic transfer Mechanism and transfer Node Optimization method" (No. 51068013), this paper studies walking, bicycle and bus rapid transit from the perspective of trip chain. The service characteristics of private cars and other transportation modes under different trip chain modes. At present, in the study of residents' transportation mode travel, the main concern is the longest transportation travel distance in one trip, while neglecting the service characteristics of the transportation mode itself. But what the traveler is interested in is exactly the service characteristic of the way of public transport. In the travel process of the trip chain, most of the trips are mainly multi-purpose trips, and most public transport trips need to transfer. In this case, the service characteristics of various modes of transportation will be different. From the perspective of trip chain, this paper analyzes the service characteristics of different traffic modes under trip chain mode by using qualitative and quantitative research methods. At first, three typical trip chain modes are summarized: axis type chain turning point common point and L turning point chain point not sharing point three typical trip chain modes, which are walking, bicycle and electric bicycle in the urban passenger transport system, and then the following three typical trip chain modes are selected: one is walking, the other is bicycle, and the other is electric bicycle. Eight common modes of transportation, bus transit, bus rapid transit, subway, taxi and private car, are matched. Then, under the condition of the maximum travel time, the relationship between the maximum travel distance of different traffic modes in the typical trip chain mode and the relationship between the maximum travel distance and the related factors is analyzed. Finally, in the case of fixed travel distance, the service characteristics of different traffic modes, such as full chain travel time, relative advantage travel distance and door-to-door speed, are obtained by taking the value of each time. Most of the existing research on transportation mode is based on one trip, most of which are based on the supply characteristics of infrastructure and the technical characteristics of traffic mode, ignoring the continuity of traffic mode and door-to-door characteristics. Few scholars analyze the service characteristics of different modes of transportation in the mode of trip chain from the angle of trip chain. This paper studies the service characteristics of a single mode in a non-combinatorial situation. The research in this paper is helpful to further understand the service characteristics of different modes of transportation in the mode of travel chain. The different ways of transportation system are reoriented to provide a more reasonable and scientific theoretical basis for the design of public transport priority, the formulation of relevant traffic policies and the compilation of traffic planning.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U12

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