牛沼液净化处理及其水溶肥料研制

发布时间：2018-03-26 05:35

本文选题：沼液　切入点：净化　出处：《北京农学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国畜禽养殖业规模已位居世界第一,大量排放的养殖废弃物已引起社会的广泛关注。养殖污染尤其国内较为分散、小型化的养殖场排放废弃物污染已成为近年来的研究热点。通常,厌氧发酵法是不同规模养殖场废弃物处理的优选技术。该技术不仅可大大降低养殖废弃物污染,而且可以产沼气,实现废物再利用。不足之处是产生大量沼液,沼液中除化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷、悬浮物等含量依然较高外,还含有大量氨基酸、赤霉素、各种中、微量元素、细胞分裂素类等肥分物质。沼液污染性与可利用性兼备,对其处理处置日益成为研究者关注的焦点。为此,本研究针对国内畜禽养殖场大多规模化小、分布分散、沼液处理投资运行成本高的现状,开发提出混凝-磷酸铵镁沉淀(MAP)-水溶肥料应用的沼液复合处理技术。该复合技术较为便捷、高效、经济,基于混凝-MAP法,实现沼液的快速净化、达标排放；基于水溶肥料研制,实现沼液的资源化利用。污染物净化处理与资源利用相结合,实现沼液的全处理。主要研究如下：1.沼液的混凝净化处理：单因素试验、优化正交设计试验与数理统计分析相结合,探讨混凝剂种类、投加量、沼液pH值、助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量和混凝搅拌时间等因素的影响,提出了最佳技术参数条件。最佳技术参数条件分别为pH值为5.5、氯化铁投加量为1120mg/L、PAM投加量为3mg/L,先以300r/min快速搅拌30s,再以50r/min慢速搅拌15min,最后沉降20min。处理后的牛沼液COD值为316.7mg/L,浊度值为13.1NTU,总磷值为0.59mg/L,除氨氮外各指标均达到国家排放标准。2.沼液中氨氮的MAP法深度处理：针对沼液混凝处理后的残留氨氮,采用Na2HPO4·12H2O和MgCl2·6H2O复合沉淀法(MAP法)进行进一步深度处理。单因素试验、优化正交设计试验与数理统计分析相结合,所得最佳技术参数如下：pH值为11,n(Mg2+):n(NH4+):n(PO43-)为1.1:1:1.2,反应器50r/min搅拌水动力条件下反应时间为13min、沉淀时间为30min。氨氮和总磷残留浓度分别为39.4mg/L和3.2mg/L,符合排放要求。3.沼液应用于水溶肥料的优化制备：采用分析、过滤、合成和静置等方法,以沼液为原料优化研制得到N：P2O5：K2O的质量比为1：1：2和2：1：2的两种水溶肥料,符合NY1106-2010的标准。每生产1吨NP2O5:K2O的质量比为1：1：2和2：1：2的水溶肥料分别可消纳沼液800L和600L；所需原料总成本分别为3995元和3642元,不仅实现了畜禽养殖废水的减量化、变废为宝,还创造了经济价值。4.水溶肥料的园艺栽培施用性能及参数优化：采用N:P2O5:K20的质量比为1：1：2和21：2的水溶肥料对观赏向日葵、观赏辣椒和孔雀草进行肥效试验。分别将两种水溶肥料稀释100倍、300倍、500倍、700倍和900倍后施用,3种园林植物观赏特性均显著优于对照,其中对于观赏向日葵和孔雀草而言,以N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2的水溶肥料稀释500倍效果最好；对于观赏辣椒而言,以N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2的水溶肥料稀释300倍效果最好。
[Abstract]:The scale of China's livestock industry has been ranked first in the world, a large number of emissions of livestock waste has aroused widespread concern in society. Especially the domestic aquaculture pollution is more dispersed, small-scale farm waste pollution has become a hot research topic in recent years. Usually, the anaerobic fermentation method is the preferred technology in different scale farms. This technology not only waste treatment can greatly reduce the pollution of livestock waste, and biogas production, realize the reutilization of waste. The deficiency is to produce a large number of biogas slurry, biogas slurry in addition to chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids content is still high, but also contains a lot of amino acid, gibberellin, variety, trace elements, such as a nutrient substance of cytokinin pollution. Biogas slurry and availability of both to its treatment and disposal has become the focus of researchers. Therefore, this study aimed at the domestic livestock and poultry farms are mostly. Small scale, scattered distribution, current situation of high investment and running costs of the proposed development of biogas slurry treatment, coagulation precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) - water slurry composite processing technology. The compound fertilizer application technology is more convenient, efficient, economic, coagulation and -MAP method based on the fast implementation of biogas purification, emissions standards water soluble fertilizer; development based on resource utilization of biogas slurry. The pollution treatment and resource utilization of combining full treatment of biogas slurry. The main research results are as follows: 1. biogas slurry coagulation purification: single factor test, orthogonal test and statistical analysis to optimize the mathematical combination of coagulant type, dosage the biogas slurry pH value, polyacrylamide (PAM) dosage and coagulation effect of stirring time and other factors, put forward the optimal parameters. The best technical parameters of technology respectively, the pH value is 5.5, iron chloride dosage is 1120mg/L, PAM With the dose of 3mg/L, with 300r/min 30s and then to 50r/min rapid mixing, slow stirring 15min, finally settling 20min. treated bovine slurry COD value is 316.7mg/L, the turbidity value was 13.1NTU and the total value of 0.59mg/L, except for ammonia and nitrogen indexes reached MAP method for treatment of the national emission standards.2. ammonia in biogas slurry coagulation after the treatment of residual ammonia in biogas slurry, using Na2HPO4 - 12H2O and MgCl2 - 6H2O composite precipitation method (MAP method) for further treatment. The single factor test, orthogonal test and statistical analysis to optimize the mathematical combination of the best technical parameters are as follows: pH 11, n (Mg2+): n (NH4+) n (PO43-) 1.1:1:1.2, 50r/min reactor reaction time under hydrodynamic conditions was 13min, sedimentation time of 30min. ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus residue concentrations were 39.4mg/L and 3.2mg/L, with optimization of emission requirements.3. the application of biogas slurry in water soluble fertilizer preparation: By analysis, filtering, synthesis and static methods with biogas slurry as raw materials produced by the optimization of the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was two 1:1:2 and 2:1:2 water soluble fertilizer, comply with the NY1106-2010 standard. The quality of every production of 1 tons of NP2O5:K2O than 1:1:2 and 2:1:2 water soluble fertilizer can be consumed liquid 800L and 600L respectively; the total cost of raw materials were 3995 yuan and 3642 yuan, not only to achieve a reduction in livestock wastewater, waste, optimize the performance and parameters of horticultural application but also create economic value of.4. water soluble fertilizer: the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K20 to 1:1: 2 and 21:2 water soluble fertilizer on Ornamental Sunflower, and Ornamental Pepper the peacock grass field test respectively. The two kinds of water soluble fertilizer diluted 100 times, 300 times, 500 times, 700 times and 900 times after the application of 3 kinds of ornamental characteristics of landscape plants were significantly better than the control, the concept of For sunflower and peacock grass, it is best to dilute 500 times with N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2 of water soluble fertilizer. For Ornamental Pepper, N:P2O5:K2O=2:1:2 water soluble fertilizer diluted 300 times is the best.

【学位授予单位】：北京农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713

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