不同蔬菜种植模式对土壤淋溶水总氮、总磷和COD的影响

发布时间：2018-03-26 08:06

本文选题：日光温室　切入点：蔬菜　出处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：以中国农业大学曲周实验站始于2002年的日光温室有机蔬菜长期定位试验为基础,采用渗漏计装置收集地下1 m深淋溶水,通过测定2014年春茬茄子与秋茬芹菜土壤淋溶水总氮、总磷和化学需氧量(COD),研究不同蔬菜种植模式(有机、综合、常规)下土壤养分淋失情况。结果表明:有机模式总氮淋失量两茬蔬菜之和为137.02 kg·hm~(-2),分别比综合和常规模式减少12.0%和25.9%;总磷淋失量两茬蔬菜之和为18.23 kg·hm~(-2),分别比综合和常规模式高51.2%和119.9%;淋溶水COD两茬蔬菜之和为856.99 kg·hm~(-2),分别比综合和常规模式高32.4%和3.1%。3种模式下不同时期淋溶水总氮、总磷与COD变化趋势差异显著。春茬茄子总氮淋失量前期维持在较高水平,追肥后出现峰值,之后迅速降低,进入6月份后一直在较低水平波动;总磷淋失量变化相对平缓,呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,6—7月间达到峰值;淋溶水COD前期稍有降低,追肥前达到最低值,进入5月份后到茄子季结束呈现逐渐上升的趋势。综上,有机种植模式在减少氮素淋失方面较综合和常规模式表现出优势,但会显著增加磷素淋失风险,并在一定程度上提高淋溶水COD。
[Abstract]:Based on the long-term positioning experiment of organic vegetables in solar greenhouse started in 2002 at Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, a leakage meter was used to collect 1 m deep leached water, and the total nitrogen of soil leaching water of spring eggplant and autumn stubble celery in 2014 was measured. Total phosphorus and Chemical oxygen demand (COD). Study on different vegetable cultivation patterns (organic, comprehensive, The results showed that the sum of the total nitrogen leaching amount of the organic model was 137.02 kg / hm ~ (-2), which was 12.0% and 25.9% less than that of the integrated and conventional models, respectively, and the sum of the two crops of total phosphorus leaching was 18.23 kg / hm ~ (-2), respectively. The sum of COD in leaching water was 856.99 kg / hm ~ (-2), which was 32. 4% and 3. 1% higher than that in general and conventional models, respectively. The change trend of total phosphorus and COD was significant. The total nitrogen leaching amount of spring eggplant was maintained at a high level at the early stage, the peak value appeared after topdressing, then decreased rapidly, and fluctuated at a lower level after entering June, and the total phosphorus leaching amount changed relatively slowly. The COD of leaching water decreased slightly in the early stage of leaching, reached the lowest value before topdressing, and gradually increased after entering May to the end of eggplant season. The organic planting model showed advantages in reducing nitrogen leaching, but it increased the risk of phosphorus leaching and enhanced COD in leaching water to a certain extent.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;中国农业大学曲周实验站;
【基金】：“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题(2013BAD20B01) 环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201309036)资助~~
【分类号】：S626;S153

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