火烧油层过程中原油的热解动力学特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 01:26

本文选题：火烧油层　切入点：原油　出处：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对日益枯竭的能源和日益增长的能源需求,我国本身石油储量又相对较少,而且稠油占有相当大的比例,火烧驱油等采油技术的研究得到了进一步重视。虽然火驱研究的重点通常放在燃烧上,但能否稳定燃烧的关键在于对热解过程的掌控。由于对火烧油层复杂过程的燃烧、热解等部分缺乏独立研究,导致对火烧油层过程认识不清,缺乏理论指导。选用马纳原油和塔里木原油为研究对象,采用热重法和釜反应法(封闭或开放体系)对油样进行线性升温和恒温条件下的热解研究。考察了温度、升温速率、气氛种类(空气或氮气)等因素对原油热解性能的影响。空气气氛下线性升温热重曲线表明原油氧化热解过程分为三个阶段:低温氧化、高温裂解、高温氧化。而在氮气气氛下原油的线性升温热解过程分为低温气化和高温热解两个阶段。四组分热解反应在DTG曲线上均只有一个失重峰,四组分的最大热解速率峰值温度顺序为:饱和分,芳香分,胶质,沥青质。封闭的釜反应体系中原油热解产气率随温度和反应时间先增加后降低,分别在450℃和15h时达到最大,超过15h原油产气率略有降低后趋于稳定。开放的釜反应原油热解体系中,不同温度下的甲烷组分产气质量分数随反应时间呈上升趋势,说明了原油热解程度加深。随着温度的升高,最终原油产气组分中C_1、C_2组分所占比例最大。采用三种动力学解析方程分别对氮气气氛下原油的线性升温热解过程的两个阶段进行拟合分析,确定了合适的机理函数,并求得了热解动力学参数。通过对原油在封闭体系不同反应时间下的热解反应进行化学动力学模拟及其标定发现,原油在活化能80k J?mol~(-1)-270k J?mol~(-1)的区间内,将热解反应视为20个平行一级反应时,原油热裂解模拟的理论值与实验值吻合程度高,表明20个平行一级反应模型能很好的模拟该油样的热解过程。
[Abstract]:Faced with the increasing depletion of energy and increasing energy demand, China's oil reserves is also relatively low, and heavy oil occupies a large proportion of fire flooding oil recovery technology has been further attention. Although the focus of fire flooding is usually put in the burning, but the key is to control the combustion stability of pyrolysis the process of burning oil. Due to the complex process of combustion, pyrolysis and other parts of the lack of independent research, leading to the combustion process is unclear, the lack of theoretical guidance. The mana of crude oil and oil in Tarim Basin as the research object, using thermogravimetric method and reactor method (closed or open system) of linear temperature and constant temperature pyrolysis under the oil sample. The effects of temperature, heating rate, gas (air or nitrogen) and other factors on Pyrolysis Properties of crude oil. The linear air temperature thermogravimetric curve The process of oxidation and pyrolysis of crude oil can be divided into three stages: low temperature oxidation, high temperature cracking, high temperature oxidation and linear oil under nitrogen atmosphere pyrolysis process is divided into low temperature gasification and pyrolysis of two stages. The four components of the pyrolysis reaction in DTG curve was only one loss peaks, four components of the maximum pyrolysis the rate of the peak temperature of order: saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes. Closed reactor system of crude oil pyrolysis gas production rate with temperature and reaction time first increased and then decreased, reached the maximum at 450 DEG C and 15h, more than 15h of crude oil gas production rate decreased slightly after crude oil pyrolysis reactor tends to be stable. The open system of methane at different temperature points of gas mass fraction increased with the reaction time, the crude oil pyrolysis extent. With the increase of temperature, final oil gas components in C_1, C_2 components accounted for the largest proportion. The two stage is to use the three kinds of linear dynamics equation respectively under nitrogen atmosphere of crude oil pyrolysis process fitting analysis, to determine the appropriate mechanism function, and obtained the pyrolysis kinetic parameters. Through the simulation and calibration of pyrolysis reaction under different reaction time under a closed system of crude oil of crude oil in chemical kinetics, activation energy 80K J mol~ (-1) -270k? J? Mol~ (-1) range, the pyrolysis reaction as 20 parallel first-order reaction, the crude oil pyrolysis simulation coincides with the theoretical value and the experimental value of high degree, showed that 20 parallel first-order reaction model to the pyrolysis process of the oil sample is a good simulation.

【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.44

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