落地原油回收利用技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 11:51

  本文选题：落地原油 + 热化学洗涤　； 参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文选择了热化学洗涤和热裂解作为处理落地原油的核心技术,选取粘土质和沙土质两种落地原油进行实验研究。研究中探讨了使用海水作为落地原油处理工艺稀释剂的方案,为利用海水用于工业生产摸索新方法;海水热化学洗涤工艺中通过对七种表面活性剂的筛选、复配,最终得出最佳药剂配比,粘土质落地原油最佳复配药剂为:AEO-9:硅酸钠:吐温-80=1:1:1,沙土质落地原油最佳复配药剂为平平加-20:吐温-80:硅酸钠=1:1:1,随后对液固比、温度、搅拌速率以及溶液PH等工作条件进行了实验研究,借助正交实验安排确定最优实验方案,沙土质落地原油平均除油率高达98.13%,粘土质落地原油在两级清洗后平均除油率可增至97.75%;为响应国家加大对环境保护监察管制力度的相关要求,对处理落地原油的污水进行了絮凝净化研究,通过对单一絮凝剂的筛选,复配出处理效果最佳的药剂配比,研究中还考虑了温度和处理时间的影响,粘土质落地原油最佳复配絮凝剂为DAA:SH:阳离子PAM=1:2:2,最佳处理温度为70℃,最佳处理时间为2h,平均除油率和平均除固率分别为89.78%、92%,沙土质落地原油最佳复配比为阴离子PAM:DAA:SH=2:1:2,最佳处理温度为60℃,最佳处理时间为1.5h,平均除油率可达86%,平均除固率为92%;落地原油热裂解工艺采用自行设计的裂解炉进行相关实验研究,在室内实验条件下,确定了落地原油热裂解的最终控制温度为550℃,研究了温度梯度对裂解油组分的影响并确定了最佳升温速率为20℃/min,对热裂解过程中产生的裂解气和冷凝油分别采用气相色谱仪法和模拟蒸馏法进行分析,研究结果证明未凝气体中轻组分含量较高,回收利用价值较大;从经济角度考虑,对海水热化学洗涤工艺和热裂解工艺的运行费用进行对比,发现海水热化学洗涤工艺的运行费用较低,可作为处理落地原油的首选工艺。
[Abstract]:In this paper, thermochemical washing and pyrolysis are selected as the core technology to treat landed crude oil, and two kinds of landed crude oil, clay and sandy soil, are selected for experimental study.The scheme of using seawater as diluent in crude oil treatment process is discussed in this paper. In order to explore a new method for industrial production of seawater, seven surfactants are selected and mixed in seawater thermochemical washing process.Finally, the optimum mixture ratio of clay to ground crude oil is: 1: AEO-9: sodium silicate: Tween-80 1: 1: 1: 1: 1; and the best mixture of sandy ground crude oil is Pingping + -20: Tween -80: sodium silicate 1: 1. Then the ratio of liquid to solid and the temperature.The stirring rate and pH of the solution were studied experimentally, and the optimal experimental scheme was determined by orthogonal experimental arrangement.The average oil removal rate of sandy ground crude oil is as high as 98.13 and the average oil removal rate of clay landing crude oil can increase to 97.75 after two-stage washing. In order to respond to the relevant requirements of the state to strengthen the supervision and control of environmental protection,The flocculation and purification of sewage treated with crude oil was studied. Through the screening of single flocculant, the optimum mixture ratio was obtained. The effects of temperature and treatment time were also considered in the study.The optimum flocculant of clay ground crude oil is DAA: SH: cationic PAM1: 2: 2, and the best treatment temperature is 70 鈩，

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