开孔式泡沫陶瓷固定化脂肪酶及陶瓷膜装置催化合成生物柴油
发布时间：2018-11-11 21:10
【摘要】：随着我国生产力水平的提高,我国能源消耗日趋严重。生物柴油解决了如何再生热值高的能源的物质这个难题之一。生物柴油的原料和制备方法多种,如化工法,但污染严重、设备损害大。目前比较环保有效的是采用酶酯交换法。本研究首先将脂肪酶固定在经硅烷化的粒状大孔羟基磷灰石泡沫陶瓷内。比较了泡沫陶瓷在硅烷化前后对酶固定化率。采用对硝基苯酚法测定其酶活,固定6h后硅烷化最大酶是未硅烷化酶活的217%。在非水相环境中,通过甘油法测试了温度、微量水及缓冲液、醇油比、添加有机溶剂异辛烷、作用时间等单因素条件对酶活力变化的影响。确定其较好转化条件为温度55℃、缓冲液油水比为4.2:1、醇油比为3.5、有异辛烷,此时转化率较高。通过实验确定固定化酶的稳定性,如储存稳定性和使用稳定性。得出在4℃第30d活性保持在73%左右,连续使用10次还保持80%左右的活力。通过正交实验,得出此固定化酶实验因素的重要性为依次为:酶量、醇油比、时间及温度。由实验获得较优水平因素是醇油比为3.5、酶量和底物比为50u/g、时间9小时、温度为50℃,实际转化率为78.9%。制备了环形的(内)固定化酶(外)膜柱。方法是先制作环柱状开孔式泡沫陶瓷的滤膜;又在膜内陶瓷硅烷化后固定脂肪酶;再在其内部装入颗粒陶瓷酶,得到酶催化-分离核心部分。设计了酶膜反应装置及甘油-生物柴油分离器。本酶膜装置采用响应面法,指导分析生物柴油生产过程。获得较好的效果。获此装置最佳条件:醇油比3.76:1、流量为1.02ml/s和温度为51.47℃,实际转化率约为87.1%。并且得出转化率的计算公式,在一定条件范围可以直接计算出转化率。分析得出转化率影响因素,重要性依次是醇油比、流量及温度。使用此酶膜装置及方法,可以由原料到生物柴油粗制品的连续生产。对工业生产生物柴油有一定的的启发及应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of productivity, China's energy consumption is becoming more and more serious. Biodiesel solves one of the problems of how to regenerate substances from high-calorific energy sources. There are many raw materials and preparation methods of biodiesel, such as chemical process, but the pollution is serious and the equipment is damaged. At present, enzyme transesterification is an effective method for environmental protection. In this study, lipase was first immobilized in silanized granular macroporous hydroxyapatite foam ceramics. The immobilization rate of foamed ceramics before and after silanization was compared. The enzyme activity was determined by the method of p-nitrophenol. The largest enzyme of silanization was 217g of the non-silanase activity after 6 hours of immobilization. The effects of single factors such as temperature, water and buffer solution, ratio of alcohol to oil, addition of organic solvent isooctane and reaction time on enzyme activity were measured by glycerol method in non-aqueous phase. The optimum conversion conditions were determined as follows: temperature 55 鈩，
本文编号：2326143
[Abstract]:With the improvement of productivity, China's energy consumption is becoming more and more serious. Biodiesel solves one of the problems of how to regenerate substances from high-calorific energy sources. There are many raw materials and preparation methods of biodiesel, such as chemical process, but the pollution is serious and the equipment is damaged. At present, enzyme transesterification is an effective method for environmental protection. In this study, lipase was first immobilized in silanized granular macroporous hydroxyapatite foam ceramics. The immobilization rate of foamed ceramics before and after silanization was compared. The enzyme activity was determined by the method of p-nitrophenol. The largest enzyme of silanization was 217g of the non-silanase activity after 6 hours of immobilization. The effects of single factors such as temperature, water and buffer solution, ratio of alcohol to oil, addition of organic solvent isooctane and reaction time on enzyme activity were measured by glycerol method in non-aqueous phase. The optimum conversion conditions were determined as follows: temperature 55 鈩，
本文编号：2326143
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