盐城海滨湿地资源利用变化及其对丹顶鹤越冬生境的影响

发布时间：2018-04-13 18:14

本文选题：湿地资源利用变化 + 丹顶鹤　；参考：《中国人口.资源与环境》2014年07期

【摘要】：湿地是世界上最具生物多样性的重要生态系统之一,湿地资源开发利用的时空动态变化对物种生境、分布及多样性有着极其重要的影响。江苏盐城海滨湿地是全球丹顶鹤最重要的越冬地之一,湿地景观的变化势必会影响丹顶鹤生境结构及其质量。本研究以盐城海滨湿地带相对连续的16期遥感解译影像为空间数据源,分析了8个丹顶鹤越冬栖息热点地区的湿地资源利用以及丹顶鹤越冬生境及其质量的时空动态变化,利用逐步回归和典型相关等方法分析湿地资源利用变化对丹顶鹤生境的影响。结果显示:研究区自然湿地大面积地被转变成人工湿地以及非湿地,其主要变化特征是碱蓬、芦苇等自然湿地被围垦成耕地、水产养殖塘等人类活动强度较高的覆被类型;丹顶鹤适宜生境面积持续下降,补充生境及非生境面积都大幅度增加;综合生境因子在每个热点地区总体上呈现下降的趋势,热点地区丹顶鹤生境质量都呈现出分时段、不同程度的下降趋势;丹顶鹤生境质量受到多种覆被类型的综合影响,其中,芦苇湿地和碱蓬湿地对丹顶鹤各种生境因子都有显著影响,主要发挥改善和提高生境质量的作用;盐田、建筑用地和水产养殖塘所产生的干扰是不利于生境质量提高的覆被类型。研究分析表明:芦苇湿地和碱篷湿地作为丹顶鹤越冬最适宜生境,宜进一步加大保护力度;盐田和水产养殖塘等人工湿地作为补充生境,虽然在一定程度上为丹顶鹤提供了食物和水分,但其经营管理活动所产生的干扰则影响了生境质量,因而需减少其在越冬季节的干扰活动。
[Abstract]:Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems with biodiversity in the world. The temporal and spatial dynamic changes of wetland resources development and utilization have an extremely important impact on species habitat, distribution and diversity.Jiangsu Yancheng seaside wetland is one of the most important overwintering sites for red-crowned cranes in the world. The changes of wetland landscape will inevitably affect the habitat structure and quality of red-crowned cranes.In this study, 16 consecutive remote sensing images of Yancheng seaside wetland zone were used as spatial data sources to analyze the utilization of wetland resources and the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of overwintering habitat and quality of eight red-crowned cranes in hot spots.Stepwise regression and canonical correlation were used to analyze the impact of wetland resource utilization on the habitat of red-crowned crane.The results showed that the natural wetland in the study area was transformed into artificial wetland and non-wetland. The main characteristics of the change were that the natural wetland such as Suaeda salsa, Reed and other natural wetlands were reclaimed into cultivated land, aquaculture ponds and other human cover types with high intensity of human activities.The suitable habitat area of red-crowned crane decreased continuously, and the area of supplementary habitat and non-habitat increased significantly, and the comprehensive habitat factor showed a downward trend in each hot spot, and the habitat quality of red-crowned crane in hot spot area showed a period of time.The habitat quality of red-crowned crane was affected by many cover types, among which, Reed wetland and Suaeda salsa wetland had significant influence on all kinds of habitat factors of red-crowned crane, which mainly played a role in improving and improving habitat quality of red-crowned crane.The disturbance caused by salt field, construction land and aquiculture pond is harmful to the improvement of habitat quality.The results show that Reed wetland and alkali-canopy wetland are the most suitable habitats for red-crowned cranes to overwintering, and the constructed wetlands such as salt fields and aquiculture ponds should be used as supplementary habitats.Although the red crowned crane is provided with food and water to a certain extent, the disturbance caused by its management activities affects the habitat quality, so it is necessary to reduce its disturbance activities during the wintering season.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学土地管理学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“区域土地利用的生态保护空间网络研究”(编号:KYZ201166)
【分类号】：S865.3;X37

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