围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 11:12

本文选题：围填海 + 海洋资源　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：围填海开发活动是人类向海洋寻求生产生活空间的一种有效手段，是人类进行海岸带开发、利用活动的重要方式。围填海开发活动对海洋资源的许多方面几乎都存在着不同程度的影响，它的实施尽管带来了许多好处，如增加了土地面积，从而可解决港口码头、临港工业区和物流园区等用地需求，带来显著的经济效益。但在开发活动中海洋资源也遭受了较大的影响，如渔业资源衰退，水动力环境改变，鱼、虾、贝的资源量减少，海岸与海底的自然平衡被打破，一些海岸自然景观受到影响等。本文研究了国内外围填海开发活动的历史、发展现状及存在的问题，分析了国内外海洋资源的内涵、围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响和围填海开发活动对海洋资源评价方法。提出了受围填海开发活动影响的海洋资源的分类，将围填海开发活动影响的海洋资源分为港口航道资源、旅游资源、渔业资源、空间资源和其他资源，构建了基于DPSIR的围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响框架体系。本文通过定性与定量相结合的方法进行研究，初步构建了围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价指标体系，运用德尔菲法进行了围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价指标的筛选，最终确定了围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价指标体系，进行了评价指标的定义，确定了评价指标的计算方法。分别按照以港口航道资源、旅游资源和渔业资源为主导因素；运用AHP和德尔菲法的组合方法，确定了不同主导资源的围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价指标综合权重值，提出了围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响的评价标准。运用建立的评价方法分别评价了渤海湾区域的曹妃甸围填海开发活动和天津滨海新区围填海开发活动对海洋资源的影响，评价案例的评价范围分别选取曹妃甸新区和天津滨海新区行政区域。为了获取流速变化和岸线变化指标数据，进行了渤海湾水动力数值模拟，分析了渤海湾围填海开发活动对水动力的影响；进行了渤海的海岸线提取，对比了渤海海域人工岸线和自然岸线长度变化。收集了曹妃甸新区和天津滨海新区2005~2012共8年的港口航道资源、旅游资源、渔业资源、空间资源和其他资源评价指标数据，进行了评价指标的数据的标准化处理，确定了评价区域内指标的综合权重值，分别进行了2005~2008、2008~2011和2012~2015围填海对海洋资源的影响评价，评价结果表明：（1）2005~2008曹妃甸新区海洋资源受影响程度为一般，属于有条件接受状态，2005~2008天津滨海新区海洋资源受影响程度为一般，属于有条件接受状态；（2）2008~2011曹妃甸新区海洋资源受影响程度为较小，接受程度属于可接受状态，2008~2011天津滨海新区海洋资源受影响程度为较大，，接受程度属于有条件接受状态；（3）2012~2015曹妃甸新区海洋资源受影响程度为一般，接受程度属于有条件接受状态；2012~2015天津滨海新区海洋资源受影响程度为较大，接受程度属于有条件接受状态。应用VB编程软件开发了围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价系统，可以进行可视化管理操作，进行了围填海开发活动国内外管理对比，提出了今后围填海开发活动对海洋资源的保护措施和集约用海的开发建议。编写了《围填海开发活动对海洋资源影响评价技术规程》（初稿）
[Abstract]:The reclamation of reclamation is an effective means for human beings to seek production and living space to the ocean. It is an important way for human to carry out the development of the coastal zone and the use of the activities. The activities of the reclamation of the reclamation have a different degree of influence on many aspects of the marine resources. The implementation of it has brought many benefits, such as the increase of the land area. It can solve the demand of port, port, port and logistics park, and bring significant economic benefits. However, in the development activities, the marine resources have also been greatly affected, such as the decline of fishery resources, the change of the hydrodynamic environment, the reduction of the resources of fish, shrimp, shellfish, the natural balance between the coast and the seabed, and the natural scenery of some coastal areas. The view is affected.
This paper studies the history, current situation and existing problems of domestic offshore reclamation activities, analyzes the connotation of marine resources at home and abroad, the influence of reclamation activities on marine resources and the evaluation method of marine resources on reclamation activities in the reclamation area, and puts forward the classification of marine resources affected by reclamation activities around the sea, which will open the sea. Marine resources, tourism resources, fishery resources, space resources and other resources are divided into marine resources, and the framework of the impact of DPSIR based reclamation on marine resources is constructed.
Through the study of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper preliminarily constructs an index system for evaluating the impact of reclamation activities on marine resources, and uses Delphy Fa to screen the evaluation indexes of the impact of reclamation activities on marine resources, and finally determines the index body of the impact assessment on the impact of reclamation activities on Marine resources. The evaluation index is defined and the calculation method of the evaluation index is determined. According to the leading factors of the port channel resources, tourism resources and fishery resources, the combined method of AHP and Delphy Fa is used to determine the comprehensive weight value of the evaluation index of the influence of different dominant resources on the evaluation of marine resources. Evaluation criteria for the impact of reclamation activities on marine resources.
The impact of Caofeidian reclamation activities in the Bohai Bay area and the reclamation activities of Tianjin Binhai New Area on the marine resources was evaluated by the established evaluation method. The evaluation range of the evaluation cases was selected for the administrative region of the Caofeidian new area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area. The hydrodynamic numerical simulation of Bohai Bay was carried out to analyze the impact of Bohai Bay Reclamation on the hydrodynamic force. The coastline of Bohai was extracted, the artificial coastline and the natural Coastline Length of the Bohai sea area were compared. The port channel resources, tourism resources, and fishery in the Caofeidian new area and the 2005~ 2012 in the Tianjin Binhai New Area were collected. The evaluation index data of industry resources, space resources and other resources were standardized, the comprehensive weight value of the index in the evaluation area was determined, and the impact assessment of 2005~20082008~2011 and 2012~2015 on marine resources was carried out respectively. The evaluation results showed that: (1) the marine capital of 2005~2008 Caofeidian new area. The influence degree of the source is general, which belongs to conditional acceptance state. The marine resources of 2005~2008 Tianjin Binhai New Area are generally affected by the condition of acceptance. (2) the extent of the marine resources in the 2008~2011 Caofeidian new area is less affected and the acceptance is acceptable, and the marine resources in the new coastal area of Tianjin, 2008~2011 are affected by the marine resources. The degree of acceptance belongs to the condition of conditional acceptance; (3) the extent of marine resources affected by 2012~2015 Caofeidian new area is general, and the degree of acceptance belongs to conditional acceptance; the extent of marine resources in the new area of Tianjin Binhai New Area is larger, and the degree of acceptance belongs to the condition of conditional acceptance.
VB programming software has been used to develop an evaluation system for the impact of reclamation activities on marine resources, which can be visualized and managed. The domestic and foreign management of reclamation activities in the reclamation area are compared. The protection measures for marine resources and the development of intensive sea use are proposed in the future.
The technical regulations for the impact assessment of reclamation activities on marine resources have been prepared (Draft).

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P74;P756.8

【参考文献】