云南民族识别研究
发布时间：2018-08-12 16:40
【摘要】：中华人民共和国成立后,为了贯彻党的民族政策,使各民族不分大小,真正达到一律平等,民族识别就成了中华人民共和国建成后的一项自觉工作。云南民族识别工作,弄清了云南民族的构成情况,解决了历史上遗留下来的一些民族问题,在法律层面上实现了民族不分大小一律平等的目的,对进一步维护边疆稳定、加强民族团结意义十分重大。 云南民族识别工作是中国民族发展史上的重要历史事件。本文在前人研究的基础上,采用文献研究和田野调查的方法,按照民族语系语族分类对云南25个少数民族识别工作进行了一次较为系统的研究。全文分为八个部分,从以下几个方面进行了论述： 第一,中国历代对云南民族的认识与分类。从司马迁首创民族史传记后,二十四史都有了少数民族专传,各书因立传范围不同,对云南各民族的详略有别,划分原则也有异。中华人民共和国建立初期,中央人民政府派出中央民族访问团、云南民族识别工作组开展对云南各少数民族的识别工作,对带有歧视或侮辱少数民族性质的称谓、地名、碑碣、匾额进行处理,对一些支系众多的民族进行了分析归类,列出了云南21个基本识别的民族,。 第二,对汉藏语系藏缅语族彝语支民族的识别。在云南,汉藏语系藏缅语族彝语支民族有彝族、纳西族、哈尼族、傈僳族、拉祜族、独龙族、怒族、基诺族。这些民族由于历史的原因,居住相邻、风俗习惯相近,彼此之间的联系十分密切,民族之间具有一些相同性,在某些民族特征上具有相近性。识别过程中,对其历史渊源进行了必要的追溯,最终确定了其民族成分和族称；把具有民族歧视色彩的他称一律撤销,全面贯彻了民族平等思想,加强了民族的整体认同感。 第三,对汉藏语系藏缅语族其他语支民族的识别。汉藏语系藏缅语族除彝语支的少数民族外,还有藏语支的藏族,景颇语支的景颇族,缅语支的阿昌族,以及由于语言情况较复杂,系属于尚未取得一致意见的白族。这些民族在语言上与彝语支比较接近,拥有一定数量的同源词,且同源词是最基本的词,以单音节词和由单音节词组成的复合词为主；在民族来源上,有着许多相似的民族间传说。说明了他们之间语言的亲属关系与民族的亲属关系是非常密切相近的。 第四,对汉藏语系壮侗语族民族的识别。分布于云南的汉藏语系壮侗语族民族主要有傣族、壮族、布依族、水族、仡佬族等五个民族。在云南的民族识别过程中,布依、水和仡佬先被识别归并为壮族,1983年时又被识别为单一的少数民族,仡佬族因当时人口在云南仅为700人,没有被列入云南的25个少数民族之中。 第五,对汉藏语系苗瑶语族民族的识别。居住在云南的汉藏语系苗瑶语族的民族只有苗族、瑶族。历史上,他们具有同源的关系。在云南特殊的地理条件下,形成了分布散、支系多、族称复杂、风格各异的特征,存在着语言、习俗、服饰及社会发展程度等方面的差别,但这只是各不同支系的客观表现,各支系自我认同感是该民族人民的本质表现。 第六,对南亚语系孟高棉语族民族的识别。南亚语系孟高棉语族的民族分布在云南境内的只有佤族、德昂族、布朗族。三个民族同源于古代的闽濮,是云南当地的土著民族。佤语、德昂语、布朗语虽同属于南亚语系孟高棉语族,具有南亚语族的一般性特征,但姊妹语之间有着明显差别,各是一种独立的语言。在民族识别工作中,在尊重少数民族意愿,“名从主人”的原则下,将“崩龙族”正式改名为德昂族,将“卡佤”族中具有奴隶之意,带有蔑视的“卡”字去掉,正式定名为“佤”族。 第七,对其他民族的识别。云南汉族在总体上不存在识别问题,但也有特殊的情况,如从广西迁入云南富宁的“蔗园”族就是现代汉族逆向融合的例证。因战争和政治统治需要进入云南的满族、蒙古族、回族,虽然受到周围少数民族较深地影响,但作为中华民族大家庭中的一员,既有与其他民族相融合的一面,也有着保持自己相对独立的民族生活习俗的一面,是统一的中华民族不可分割的部分。 通过对云南民族识别的研究,为解决好民族识别中遗留问题,云南各民族共同发展,以及在研究各民族要素在社会主义建设发展中的变化,及今后的发展趋势中,以尊重实际,坚持实事求是的态度,从国家角度,促进中华民族意识,增强国家认同,维护国家稳定,促进云南和谐发展有着重要的意义。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to carry out the Party's national policy and make all ethnic groups equal, ethnic identification has become a conscious work after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is of great significance to further safeguard the stability of the border areas and strengthen national unity to realize the goal of equality of all nationalities regardless of their size at the legal level.
The ethnic identification work in Yunnan is an important historical event in the history of Chinese ethnic development.On the basis of previous studies,this paper makes a systematic study on the identification work of 25 ethnic minorities in Yunnan according to the classification of ethnic language families by means of literature study and field investigation.The full text is divided into eight parts. The following aspects are discussed.
First, the understanding and classification of Yunnan ethnic groups in the past dynasties of China. Since Sima Qian first created the biography of ethnic history, there have been special biographies of ethnic minorities in all 24 histories. The Southern Ethnic Identity Working Group has carried out the identification of ethnic minorities in Yunnan, dealing with titles, place names, tablets and tablets which discriminate against or insult ethnic minorities, classifying and analyzing ethnic groups of many branches, and listing 21 ethnic groups identified in Yunnan.
In Yunnan, there are Yi, Naxi, Hani, Lisu, Lahu, Dulong, Nu and Jinuo nationalities in the Tibetan-Burmese language family. In the process of identification, the historical origin was traced back to determine its ethnic composition and clan name, and all other names with ethnic discrimination were revoked, which fully implemented the idea of national equality and strengthened the overall identity of the nation.
Third, the identification of other ethnic groups of the Tibetan-Burmese language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Apart from the ethnic minorities of the Yi language branch, there are Tibetans of the Tibetan language branch, Jingpo of the Jingpo language branch, Achang of the Myanmar language branch, and the Bai people who have not yet reached a consensus because of their complicated language conditions. It has a certain number of cognates, and cognates are the most basic words, mainly monosyllabic words and compound words composed of monosyllabic words; in terms of ethnic origin, there are many similar ethnic legends. It shows that their language kinship and ethnic kinship are very close.
Fourthly, the identification of the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Zhuang-Dong ethnic group of the Han-Tibetan language family in Yunnan mainly consists of five ethnic groups: the Dai, Zhuang, Buyi, Shui and Gelao. The population was only 700 people in Yunnan at that time, and was not included in the 25 ethnic minorities in Yunnan.
Fifth, the identification of the Miao-Yao ethnic group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Miao-Yao ethnic group of the Sino-Tibetan language family living in Yunnan has only the Miao and Yao ethnic groups. Historically, they have a homologous relationship. The difference in the degree of exhibition is only an objective manifestation of the different branches, and the self-identity of each branch is the essential manifestation of the people of the nation.
Sixth, the identification of the Mon-Khmer-speaking peoples of the South Asian language family. The Mon-Khmer-speaking peoples of the South Asian language family are only Wa, De'ang and Brown nationalities in Yunnan. The three nationalities are indigenous peoples of Yunnan, originating from Minpu in ancient times. In the process of ethnic identification, under the principle of respecting the wishes of minority nationalities and "name from master", the "Panglong" nationality was formally renamed the De'ang nationality, and the "Kawa" nationality was slave-like with the disdainful word "card" removed. For the Wa nationality.
Seventh, the identification of other nationalities. The Han people in Yunnan do not have the problem of identification on the whole, but there are special circumstances, such as the "sugarcane garden" people who moved from Guangxi to Funing, Yunnan, is an example of the reverse integration of the modern Han people. But as a member of the Chinese nation's family, it has not only the integration with other nationalities, but also the maintenance of their own relatively independent national life customs. It is an inseparable part of the unified Chinese nation.
Through the study of Yunnan ethnic identification, in order to solve the remaining problems in ethnic identification, the common development of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, as well as the study of the changes in the elements of each ethnic group in the socialist construction and development, and the development trend in the future, in order to respect reality, adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, from the national point of view, promote the awareness of the Chinese nation and strengthen the state Family identity is of great significance for maintaining national stability and promoting the harmonious development of Yunnan.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C955
[Abstract]:After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to carry out the Party's national policy and make all ethnic groups equal, ethnic identification has become a conscious work after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is of great significance to further safeguard the stability of the border areas and strengthen national unity to realize the goal of equality of all nationalities regardless of their size at the legal level.
The ethnic identification work in Yunnan is an important historical event in the history of Chinese ethnic development.On the basis of previous studies,this paper makes a systematic study on the identification work of 25 ethnic minorities in Yunnan according to the classification of ethnic language families by means of literature study and field investigation.The full text is divided into eight parts. The following aspects are discussed.
First, the understanding and classification of Yunnan ethnic groups in the past dynasties of China. Since Sima Qian first created the biography of ethnic history, there have been special biographies of ethnic minorities in all 24 histories. The Southern Ethnic Identity Working Group has carried out the identification of ethnic minorities in Yunnan, dealing with titles, place names, tablets and tablets which discriminate against or insult ethnic minorities, classifying and analyzing ethnic groups of many branches, and listing 21 ethnic groups identified in Yunnan.
In Yunnan, there are Yi, Naxi, Hani, Lisu, Lahu, Dulong, Nu and Jinuo nationalities in the Tibetan-Burmese language family. In the process of identification, the historical origin was traced back to determine its ethnic composition and clan name, and all other names with ethnic discrimination were revoked, which fully implemented the idea of national equality and strengthened the overall identity of the nation.
Third, the identification of other ethnic groups of the Tibetan-Burmese language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Apart from the ethnic minorities of the Yi language branch, there are Tibetans of the Tibetan language branch, Jingpo of the Jingpo language branch, Achang of the Myanmar language branch, and the Bai people who have not yet reached a consensus because of their complicated language conditions. It has a certain number of cognates, and cognates are the most basic words, mainly monosyllabic words and compound words composed of monosyllabic words; in terms of ethnic origin, there are many similar ethnic legends. It shows that their language kinship and ethnic kinship are very close.
Fourthly, the identification of the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Zhuang-Dong ethnic group of the Han-Tibetan language family in Yunnan mainly consists of five ethnic groups: the Dai, Zhuang, Buyi, Shui and Gelao. The population was only 700 people in Yunnan at that time, and was not included in the 25 ethnic minorities in Yunnan.
Fifth, the identification of the Miao-Yao ethnic group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Miao-Yao ethnic group of the Sino-Tibetan language family living in Yunnan has only the Miao and Yao ethnic groups. Historically, they have a homologous relationship. The difference in the degree of exhibition is only an objective manifestation of the different branches, and the self-identity of each branch is the essential manifestation of the people of the nation.
Sixth, the identification of the Mon-Khmer-speaking peoples of the South Asian language family. The Mon-Khmer-speaking peoples of the South Asian language family are only Wa, De'ang and Brown nationalities in Yunnan. The three nationalities are indigenous peoples of Yunnan, originating from Minpu in ancient times. In the process of ethnic identification, under the principle of respecting the wishes of minority nationalities and "name from master", the "Panglong" nationality was formally renamed the De'ang nationality, and the "Kawa" nationality was slave-like with the disdainful word "card" removed. For the Wa nationality.
Seventh, the identification of other nationalities. The Han people in Yunnan do not have the problem of identification on the whole, but there are special circumstances, such as the "sugarcane garden" people who moved from Guangxi to Funing, Yunnan, is an example of the reverse integration of the modern Han people. But as a member of the Chinese nation's family, it has not only the integration with other nationalities, but also the maintenance of their own relatively independent national life customs. It is an inseparable part of the unified Chinese nation.
Through the study of Yunnan ethnic identification, in order to solve the remaining problems in ethnic identification, the common development of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, as well as the study of the changes in the elements of each ethnic group in the socialist construction and development, and the development trend in the future, in order to respect reality, adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, from the national point of view, promote the awareness of the Chinese nation and strengthen the state Family identity is of great significance for maintaining national stability and promoting the harmonious development of Yunnan.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C955
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