从“理念式道德”到“实践式道德”——对马克思主义是“非道德主义”的驳斥

发布时间：2018-01-03 16:03

本文关键词：从“理念式道德”到“实践式道德”——对马克思主义是“非道德主义”的驳斥　出处：《道德与文明》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：马克思主义经典文本中对道德的否定性论述和消极性评价,是部分西方学者判定马克思主义是"非道德主义"的主要依据。但对于终身与"意识"做斗争的马克思来讲,他消极对待的或反对的只是具有规范的超验性和意识的终极确定性的"理念式道德"。之所以如此,是因为"理念式道德"折射的是德意志意识形态乃至整个西方哲学传统,这种形态和传统与马克思主义从现实的个人的生存与发展出发去理解道德、志向于改变世界、重视革命意识、反对道德说教的思想之间存在着巨大的差池与分野。马克思主义"跳出道德同情的羁绊",建构了一种实践的、历史的观点理解道德的非模式化、非实体化的"实践式道德"。
[Abstract]:The negative discussion and negative evaluation of morality in Marxist classic texts. It is the main basis for some western scholars to judge that Marxism is "immoral", but for Marx who struggles with "consciousness" all his life. What he is negative about or opposed to is the "idealistic morality" with normative transcendence and ultimate certainty of consciousness. It is because "idealistic morality" reflects the German ideology and even the whole tradition of western philosophy. This form and tradition and Marxism understand morality from the perspective of individual existence and development in reality. There is a huge difference and distinction between the thought of "aiming to change the world, attaching importance to revolutionary consciousness and opposing moral preaching". Marxism "jumped out of the fetters of moral sympathy" and constructed a practical one. Historical views understand the non-stereotype and non-materialized "practical morality" of morality.
【作者单位】：暨南大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目(12&ZD007) 广州市哲学社会科学“十三五”规划项目(马克思主义研究专项)(MYZX201609)
【分类号】：B82-02
【正文快照】： 一、对马克思主义是“非道德主义”的诘难20世纪70年代,在“分析的马克思主义”内部引发了一场“马克思主义是否提供了一种隐含的或明确的道德理论”[1]的讨论。其中以科恩为代表的一批学者从康德道德哲学的立场出发,依据马克思恩格斯等经典作家关于道德的否定性论述和消极性

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