儒家与耶教性论思想之会通与交涉——基于四因说的考察

发布时间：2018-01-08 04:09

本文关键词：儒家与耶教性论思想之会通与交涉——基于四因说的考察　出处：《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：理学集大成者朱熹以性气二元论统合了儒家的人性论,并以之解释了万物的性质构成。明末清初入华的耶稣会士出于传教的需要,依据论述万物生成、构造及目的的四因说,用天主取代天理,把理学中天赋之性与耶教中天主赋予之魂会通起来,将儒家性论纳入四因说的框架中。这虽然不能从根本上消除耶儒思想的分歧,但却揭示了它们在思想结构上的某种共通性。从结构上看,理学中的天理道体相当于动力因,性(理)相当于形式因,气相当于质料因,天人合一相当于目的因。通过具体分析儒家与耶教性论思想间的交涉,可以看到:在动力因上,耶教把儒家的天理降格为依附于实体的属性;在形式因上,耶教基于天主赋性说反驳儒家的"性即理"与"魂属气"说;在质料因上,耶教采纳汉唐儒学的太极元气说把太极视为无灵觉无生机的元质;在目的因上,耶教基于天主赋性与灵魂救赎论驳斥儒家万物一体、天人合一论。耶教的立场和观点不一定能为我们所接受,但有助于中西思想的比较与会通。
[Abstract]:Zhu Xi, the epitomist of Neo-Confucianism, integrated the Confucian theory of human nature with the dualism of sex and Qi, and explained the nature of everything. The Jesuits who came to China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, for the need of missionary, discussed the generation of all things. The four causes of construction and purpose, the use of God in place of God, the natural nature of the Neo-Confucianism and the spirit of God in the Church of God to link up. Although it can not fundamentally eliminate the differences of the thought of Yeru and Confucianism, it reveals a certain commonality in the structure of their thinking, and from the structural point of view, the Confucian theory of sex is brought into the framework of the theory of four causes. In Neo-Confucianism, the nature of Taoism is the motive force, the nature is the form, the qi is the material and the nature is the aim. It can be seen that: in the motive force, the Christian Church reduced the Confucian nature to the attribute of the entity; On the basis of the theory of God's nature, the Christian Church refutes the Confucian theories of "nature is reason" and "soul belongs to Qi". In the material reason, the religious religion adopted the Taiji Yuan Qi theory of Confucianism in Han and Tang dynasties, and regarded Taiji as the meta-quality with no spiritual sense and no vitality. On the cause of purpose, on the basis of the theory of God's nature and soul salvation, the Christian Church refutes the Confucian theory of unity of all things and the unity of nature and man. The standpoint and viewpoint of Christianity may not be accepted by us, but it is helpful to the comparison and understanding of Chinese and Western thoughts.
【作者单位】：武汉大学哲学学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大资助项目:16JJD720014 孔学堂课题招标研究资助项目:kxtyb201602
【分类号】：B244;B82-061
【正文快照】： 性是一事物区别于它事物的本质特征,是事物因其构成所具有的性质与能力。中国古代性论主要涉及人性的来源、本质及其与物性的区别等方面的问题。其中人性论作为儒家思想的中心课题,沟通天道与人道,论证天赋本性及其现实表现之间的关系是其重心。宋代之前已经出现了性无善恶说(

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