孔子社会治理伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 05:45

本文关键词： 孔子社会治理伦理仁礼和谐　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孔子是先秦儒家的创始人,他的社会治理伦理思想是对夏商西周以来的社会治理思想的总结与深化,也是对春秋礼崩乐坏的时代挑战所作的回应。夏商西周三代的政治制度、社会组织、意识形态一脉相承。殷人认为“上帝”主宰人事,以“上帝”的权威来指导政治实践、社会实践,建立了系统的宗教文化,带有浓厚的宗教神权决定论意识;周人以“天”取代“上帝”,认为“皇天无亲,惟德是辅;民心无常,惟惠是怀”,增加了“以德配天”和惠民、保民的内容,将“敬德”、“保民”、“慎罚”作为主要的行政指导方针。孔子继承了周初政治家的“敬德保民”思想,并作了进一步的具体发挥。自殷商至西周,中国社会治理模式经历了氏族封建制、宗法封建制。孔子进一步完善了西周的社会治理理论,设计了“仁”和“礼”结合的社会治理模式,使得西周宗法性质的礼制形式具有了“仁”的价值内涵,开辟了中国政治文化、伦理文化的新境界。孔子社会治理伦理思想是孔子道德哲学的重要组成部分,它包含了孔子对“如何构建好的社会?”这一问题的基本看法。在继承夏、商、周以来的思想文化的基础上,针对春秋的历史实际,孔子提出了自己的学说。孔子构建的社会治理伦理思想体系具有丰富的内涵,它确立了以“仁”为核心的社会治理核心价值观,提出了社会治理的价值目标——“和”,肯定“礼”在社会治理过程中的重要作用,确立“先义后利”作为解决社会内部矛盾的基本方法,并且认识到对统治阶级与被统治阶级的道德教化对社会治理的重要性。当今社会实践的内容更加丰富,人与人、人与自然、人与社会的联系更加复杂,社会治理依然是当今社会的重大实践课题。孔子社会治理伦理思想最突出的特点就实践与伦理的统一,它突破了以往时代对社会治理的认识,突出了伦理的价值地位和指导作用。这对当代中国社会治理理论的完善具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Confucius is the founder of pre-Qin Confucianism, his social governance ethics is the summation and deepening of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty social governance thought. The political system, social organization and ideology of the three dynasties of the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties are in the same vein. The Yin people believe that "God" dominates the personnel. With the authority of "God" to guide political practice and social practice, a systematic religious culture is established, with a strong sense of religious theocratic determinism. Zhou people replaced "God" with "Heaven", thought that "Emperor Heaven has no relatives, but morality is auxiliary;" The hearts of the people are impermanent, but the favor is the bosom. "the content of" matching Heaven with Virtue "and benefiting the people and protecting the people will be" respected "and" protected by the people. " As the main administrative guideline, Confucius inherited the thought of "respecting morality and protecting the people" of politicians in the early Zhou Dynasty, and made further concrete play, from the Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty. China's social governance model experienced the clan feudal system, patriarchal feudal system. Confucius further improved the Western Zhou Dynasty social governance theory, designed the "benevolence" and "ritual" combination of social governance model. The ritual form of the patriarchal clan in the Western Zhou Dynasty has the value connotation of "benevolence" and opened up a new realm of Chinese political culture and ethical culture. Confucius' social governance ethics thought is an important part of Confucius' moral philosophy. It contains Confucius on "how to build a good society?" "on the basis of inheriting the ideology and culture of Xia, Shang and Zhou, the basic view of this problem is to aim at the historical reality of the Spring and Autumn period. Confucius put forward his own theory. The ethical system of social governance constructed by Confucius has rich connotations, and it establishes the core values of social governance with "benevolence" as the core. This paper puts forward the value goal of social governance-"harmony", affirms the important role of "propriety" in the process of social governance, and establishes "presupposition and benefit" as the basic method to solve the internal contradictions of society. And realize the importance of moral education to the ruling class and the ruled class. Nowadays, the content of social practice is more abundant, people and people, man and nature, man and society are more complicated. Social governance is still a major practical issue in the society today. The most prominent feature of Confucius' ethics of social governance is the unity of practice and ethics, which breaks through the understanding of social governance in the past. It highlights the value status and guiding role of ethics, which is of great significance to the perfection of the theory of social governance in contemporary China.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-052

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