论列维纳斯的政治思想——基于源初伦理的视角

发布时间：2018-03-23 05:32

本文选题：列维纳斯　切入点：伦理　出处：《道德与文明》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：传统社会契约论将人的本性界定为自我保存与提高,基于理性权衡所订立的社会契约将有助于每一个体的福祉得到稳定的保障。如此所产生的和平乃是权能与利益平衡之上的和平,缺乏一种真正伦理性的基础。列维纳斯的他者哲学则为我们提供了对于自我/主体性的批判性理解。在他人面容投射向我的"反向-意向性"的触发之下,首要的问题不再是"存在还是不存在",而是"存在如何为自己的正当性辩护"。通过对自我权能之正当性的不懈拷问,列维纳斯让我们重新审视了自我与他人的共在关系,领悟到对他人的责任同样是自我内部的源初构成性环节,从而重构了主体性:别样于权能主体性的伦理主体性。而政治只有奠定在源初伦理性——自我对他人的无限责任——的基础上,去公正地捍卫诸个体存在的伦理独一性,才能获得自身的合法性基础。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory of social contract defines human nature as self-preservation and improvement. A social contract based on rational trade-offs will contribute to the stable protection of the well-being of each individual. The resulting peace is a peace based on the balance of power and interests, Lack of a true ethical basis. Levinas' other philosophy provides us with a critical understanding of self / subjectivity. Triggered by the "reverse-intentionality" of other faces projected to me, The first question is no longer "existence or non-existence", but "how existence justifies one's own legitimacy". By constantly questioning the legitimacy of self-power, Levinas has made us re-examine the co-existence of ourselves with others. Realizing that responsibility to others is also the primary component of the source within the self, Thus it reconstructs subjectivity: the ethical subjectivity, which is different from the subjectivity of power, and politics is based on the origin of ethics-the infinite responsibility of self to others, to defend the ethical uniqueness of individual existence justly. In order to obtain their own legitimacy.
【作者单位】：南京大学哲学系;
【分类号】：B82-051

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