中国传统孝道思想与当代农村家庭养老研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 23:24

本文选题：孝道思想 + 农村家庭养老　；参考：《青海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国传统文化在某种意义上来讲可以称作是孝的文化，以至于任何一个国家都没有中国讲孝讲得完全。传统中国社会为孝道思想的产生提供了得天独厚的环境与土壤：中国古代农业的早熟与繁盛是孝道思想产生的物质基础，，农业社会的农耕生产内在地要求养老、尊老；“亚细亚的古代”为中国进入文明社会的方式，原始社会血缘脐带的遗留使得传统中国呈现出以血缘为政治基础、以宗法为政治原则的政治形态，“家国合一”的社会形态自然会使得孝呼之欲出；春秋战国时中国的个体家庭从家族的卵翼下发展起来，个体家庭中子女赡养双亲的要求即为孝。传统孝道思想有着丰富的涵摄指向：从家庭伦理之维看，孝有着立身、荣亲、养亲、敬亲、顺亲、谏亲、丧亲、祭亲等善事父母的内涵；从政治伦理之维看，孝有着随传统宗法型政治结构演变而依次呈现为以孝为本、忠孝二元、移孝作忠的忠孝合一的内涵；从孝的其他文化意蕴来看，孝有人文宗教意蕴、孝为传统乡土社会人际关系的起点、孝为传统伦理的元德、孝为传统法律的重要内容、孝为传统教育的根源、孝广涉国人的生活方式与民俗。基于对“未富先老”国情、城乡二元社会保障格局、家庭养老自身独特优势的考量，当代农村家庭养老有存在的必要性，但由于新文化运动对孝道的批判、十年文革对孝的践踏、计划生育的推行、农村老人权威地位丧失、农村劳动力外流、农村公众舆论日趋沉默、农村代际关系中公平逻辑变迁等原因出现了忽视养老责任性、养老失责化，忽视养老精神性、养老物质化，忽视养老情感性、养老功利化等当代农村家庭养老功能弱化的现象。孝在传统农业社会中为诸德之首、主德、元德，呈现出泛孝主义的形态，但在现今工商社会中，家庭与其他社会组织的差异越来越大，家庭的特性扩展到其他社会领域的可能性越来越小，孝道思想不能再经由家庭本位而扩展到政治领域，对孝进行无尽地衍伸已不现实，孝应该回归其家庭伦理的地位，成为家庭中子女对父母态度与行为的规范。经过“抽象继承”、“文化自觉”的孝道思想与家庭养老有着极大的契合性，回归家庭伦理的新孝道对农村养老有着指向作用，当代农村家庭养老能在新孝道的视域下明确应然性取向：新孝道注重感情性，要求农村家庭养老从供养型向慰藉型和照料型转变；新孝道具有多样性，要求应理性看待农村家庭养老模式中的合住式家庭养老方式与分住式家庭养老方式、农村家庭养老应由单纯依靠男性养老转变为儿子与女儿共同养老；新孝道注重自律性，要求农村家庭养老中子女应真正理解孝道的内涵，自觉、自愿养亲敬亲。文中指出，家庭、学校、社会教育相结合，加强农村孝德教育，“引孝入律”，完善养老法制化建设，是完善农村家庭养老的路径，而家庭、社会、自我养老相结合，推进农村养老多元化，是农村养老的必然趋势。
[Abstract]:Traditional Chinese culture can be referred to as filial piety in a sense , so that none of the countries has a complete understanding of filial piety . Traditional Chinese society provides a unique environment and soil for filial piety thought . The early maturity and prosperity of ancient agriculture in China are the material basis of filial piety thought .
" The ancient " of " Ya ' an Asia " is the way of entering the civilized society in China , and the legacy of the umbilical cord in primitive society makes the traditional China assume the political form of the political principle based on the blood margin , and the social form of " the unity of the home country " naturally leads to filial piety ;
In the Spring and Autumn Period , China ' s individual families developed from the family ' s egg wings , and the demand of the child support parents in the individual family was filial piety . The traditional filial piety thought had a rich connotation .
From the perspective of political ethics , filial piety has the connotation of filial piety , loyalty and filial piety , filial piety and filial piety .
From the other cultural implication of filial piety , filial piety has the meaning of humanity and religion , filial piety is the starting point of traditional local social relationship , filial piety is the important content of traditional ethics , filial piety is the important content of traditional law , filial piety is the root of traditional education , filial piety is the life style and folk custom of the people .

On the basis of the consideration of the situation of " unenriched old " , the dual social security situation in urban and rural areas and the unique advantages of family pension , the present situation exists in the modern rural family . However , due to the criticism of filial piety by the new cultural movement , the practice of filial piety , the loss of rural labor force , the increasing silence of the public opinion in the countryside and the equitable logic change in the rural intergenerational relations have led to the neglect of the old - age responsibility , the neglect of the old - age pension , the neglect of the old - age mentality , the institutionalization of the aged , the neglect of the old - age feelings , and the benefits of the aged and the weakening of the old - age pension function .

Filial piety in the traditional agricultural society is the first , the main German , the Yuan De , present the form of pan - filial piety , but in today ' s business society , the family and other social organizations are more and more different , the family ' s characteristic expands to other social fields more and less , filial piety thought cannot be extended to other social fields .
The new filial piety has the diversity , and it is required to take rational consideration of the combination of the family pension scheme and the split - type family pension scheme in the rural family old - age mode . The rural family pension should be converted into the old - age pension by only the old - age transformation of the male and the daughter ;
The new filial piety pays attention to the self - discipline , requires that the children in the rural family should really understand the connotation of filial piety , consciously and voluntarily support the parents . The paper points out that the family , school and social education combine to strengthen the rural filial piety education , " leading the filial piety into law " and improve the legal system construction of the old age .

【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B823.1;D422.6;D669.6

【参考文献】