大脑是如何建立道德观念的:道德的认知神经机制研究进展与展望

发布时间：2018-05-11 15:35

本文选题：道德 + 道德判断　；参考：《科学通报》2017年25期

【摘要】：道德认知神经科学研究为"大脑是如何建立道德观念的"(Science125个科学前沿问题的第93个问题)这一难题给出了初步回答.这些研究主要集中在3个方面,即道德判断的脑机制、道德情绪的脑机制和道德的整合性脑机制模型.道德判断的脑区涉及背外侧前额叶、颞叶前部和颞顶连接处等与认知加工相关的部位,以及腹内侧前额叶、眶前额叶、前扣带回和杏仁核等与情绪加工相关的部位.移情、内疚和钦佩等道德情绪能够激活腹内侧前额叶、前扣带回和前脑岛等部位.代表性的整合性脑机制模型有道德判断的双加工理论、事件-特征-情绪复合模型理论、三重脑理论,以及合作与利他惩罚的脑机制模型.未来的研究应整合已有研究成果,逐步提高生态效度,综合采用多种方法和丰富拓展研究视角.
[Abstract]:The research on moral cognition neuroscience gives a preliminary answer to the problem of "how the brain builds moral concept", which is the 93rd question of 125 scientific cutting-edge questions. These studies mainly focus on three aspects: the brain mechanism of moral judgment, the brain mechanism of moral emotion and the model of integrated brain mechanism of morality. The areas of moral judgment are related to cognitive processing, such as dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, anterior temporal lobe and temporoparietal junction, as well as ventromedial prefrontal lobe, orbital frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdaloid nucleus, and other parts related to emotional processing, such as ventromedial prefrontal lobe, preorbital frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala. Moral emotions such as empathy, guilt and admiration activate the ventromedial prefrontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, and forebrain islands. The typical integrated brain mechanism models include the double processing theory of moral judgment, the theory of event-character-emotion compound model, the theory of triple brain, and the brain mechanism model of cooperation and altruistic punishment. The future research should integrate the existing research results, gradually improve the ecological validity, comprehensive use of a variety of methods and enrich the perspective of research.
【作者单位】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地南京师范大学道德教育研究所南京师范大学心理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金(14CSH017)资助
【分类号】：B82-054;R-05

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