权利个人主义与道德个人主义辨析——兼论当代中国的个人主义现状和趋势

发布时间：2018-08-20 09:13

【摘要】：17世纪至18世纪的欧洲出现了两种截然对立的个人主义思潮——权利个人主义和道德个人主义。权利个人主义主要是感性的,它强调个人获取和占有财产、追求幸福的权利(洛克)以及得到个人安全的权利(霍布斯)。这种个人主义实际上主张权利高于责任,权利优先于责任。道德个人主义主要由康德建立,在康德的笔下,个人上升到了道德人格的层面,他超越了欲望满足阶段,在内心中给自己制定了道德法。这种道德法是具有理性精神、获得了独立、能够自主自律的现代人给自己制定的道德准则。道德个人主义主张责任高于权利,责任优先于权利。在当代中国,权利个人主义大行其道,道德个人主义"芳踪难觅"。随着中国政治体制改革的深入进行,中国政治的民主化和法治化的程度将日益提高,中国将出现一个崭新的公民社会。具有公民精神的中国人将同时坚持权利个人主义和道德个人主义,并使两者达到某种平衡。
[Abstract]:From the 17 th century to the 18 th century, there appeared two opposite individualism, right individualism and moral individualism. Right individualism is mainly perceptual, emphasizing the individual's right to acquire and possess property, the right to happiness (Locke) and the right to personal security (Hobbes). This individualism actually claims that rights prevail over responsibilities, and rights take precedence over responsibility. Moral individualism was mainly established by Kant. In Kant's writing, the individual rose to the level of moral personality. He transcended the stage of satisfying desire and made moral law for himself in his heart. This kind of moral law has the rational spirit, has obtained the independence, the independent self-discipline modern person formulates to oneself the moral code. Moral individualism advocates that responsibility is superior to right and that responsibility takes precedence over right. In contemporary China, right individualism is popular and moral individualism is hard to find. With the deepening reform of China's political system, the degree of democratization and rule by law of Chinese politics will be increased day by day, and a new civil society will emerge in China. The Chinese with citizenship will stick to both right individualism and moral individualism and strike a balance between them.
【作者单位】：广西民族大学政治学与国际关系学院;
【基金】：广西民族大学重点科研项目(2012MDZD002) 广西民族大学政治学理论学科建设经费资助项目
【分类号】：B82-06

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