我国农村露天焚烧秸秆行为的伦理审视

发布时间：2018-09-08 08:52

【摘要】：在我国农村,作物秸秆曾经是一种重要的生产和生活资料。农民会将大部分秸秆从田地中收集堆放,以备它用。随着我国农村经济的发展和能源结构的变化,秸秆的原有用途在不断弱化,农民对秸秆的处置方式也在发生转变,倾向于简单焚烧。大规模的农村露天焚烧秸秆行为严重超出了环境的承载能力。当前,我国正处于转型期,环境问题频发,人们的环境意识不断增强,对环境质量的要求越来越高。因此,农村露天焚烧秸秆的行为引起很多社会争议。早在1999年国家就出台了相关规定对农村露天焚烧秸秆的行为进行治理,但收效甚微。夏收、秋收季节,焚烧秸秆的行为仍会频频发生,甚至呈现越禁越烧的势头。本文从环境正义的基本诉求出发,承认环境利益的共享和环境责任的共担。以此为视角,对农村露天焚烧秸秆行为的实质以及其原因进行探究。屡禁不止的农村露天焚烧秸秆行为折射出了许多社会现实问题,也暴露出在目前治理秸秆焚烧行为过程中的诸多弊端。焚烧秸秆行为的实施主体是农民,但并非农民所愿,是农民迫于无奈而做出的基于自身利益最大化的现实选择。环境正义的实质是社会正义,这也决定了发生在环境领域内的农民露天焚烧秸秆行为的解决终归要回归到社会范畴中去解决。仅仅依靠“禁”并不能杜绝农民露天焚烧秸秆的行为,我们需要认真反思“堵”与“疏”的关系。我们要积极挖掘秸秆资源方面的潜在价值,为秸秆寻找综合利用的途径。一方面,要分析现有秸秆利用技术手段和装备的使用状况,构建秸秆的技术治理支撑体系。另一方面,要积极构建秸秆处理的资金补贴机制、秸秆处理市场服务机制、秸秆处理应用宣传和技术培训机制以及法律保障体系,加强社会伦理治理,实现社会正义。利用社会伦理治理与技术治理相结合的模式来解决秸秆过剩的现实问题,将秸秆转化为农民能够看得见的经济效益。如此以来,通过社会正义、技术正义来实现环境正义,农民露天焚烧秸秆的行为才能得到根治。将秸秆资源融入到农业经济的循环利用中,避免资源浪费,从而实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的有机统一,对于我国快速实现农业现代化以及生态化的目标来讲意义重大。
[Abstract]:In rural China, crop straw was once an important means of production and livelihood. Farmers collect most of the straw from their fields for their use. With the development of rural economy and the change of energy structure, the original use of straw is weakening, and the disposal mode of straw is changing, which tends to burn simply. Large-scale open-air burning of straw in rural areas seriously exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. At present, our country is in the transition period, environmental problems occur frequently, people's environmental consciousness is increasing, and the requirement of environmental quality is higher and higher. Therefore, the open burning of straw in rural areas caused a lot of social controversy. As early as 1999, the state issued relevant regulations to control the open burning of straw in rural areas, but with little effect. Summer harvest, autumn harvest, the behavior of burning straw will occur frequently, and even show the trend of burning more and more. Based on the basic demands of environmental justice, this paper acknowledges the sharing of environmental benefits and the sharing of environmental responsibilities. From this perspective, the essence and causes of open-air burning of straw in rural areas are explored. Repeated prohibition of open burning of straw in rural areas reflects a lot of social reality problems, but also exposed in the current process of straw burning many drawbacks. The main body of straw burning is farmers, but it is not farmers' wish, but it is a realistic choice based on their own interests maximization made by farmers forced by helplessness. The essence of environmental justice is social justice, which also determines that the solution of farmers' open burning of straw in the field of environment should be returned to the social category. Simply relying on "ban" can not stop farmers from burning straw in open air. We need to reflect on the relationship between "blocking" and "sparse" seriously. We should actively excavate the potential value of straw resources and find a way of comprehensive utilization of straw. On the one hand, it is necessary to analyze the technical means and equipment of straw utilization and construct the technical management support system of straw. On the other hand, we should actively construct the fund subsidy mechanism of straw treatment, the market service mechanism of straw treatment, the mechanism of straw processing application propaganda and technical training and the legal guarantee system, strengthen the social ethical governance and realize social justice. The model of combining social ethical governance with technical governance is used to solve the practical problem of straw surplus, and the straw can be transformed into economic benefits that farmers can see. Since then, environmental justice can be achieved through social justice and technical justice, and farmers' behavior of burning straw in the open air can be cured. The straw resources are integrated into the recycling of agricultural economy to avoid the waste of resources, so as to realize the organic unification of environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. It is of great significance for our country to realize the goal of agricultural modernization and ecology quickly.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-052

【参考文献】