“积极自由”与“消极自由”——弗洛姆自由思想及其对伯林的回应

发布时间：2018-10-30 07:55

【摘要】：弗洛姆对"积极自由"与"消极自由"的区分,具有着重要的伦理与政治意义。其自由概念的实质是通过人的本质力量的发展来反对外在权威,提倡通过人自身发展与社会条件的改善实现真正的自由,孜孜以求人的自由发展。伯林的自由概念的实质则是阻止权威的入侵,摆脱任何形式的束缚,体现对最低限度的个人自由不可侵犯的神圣信仰。伯林在《自由论》中对弗洛姆的"积极自由"进行了批判,他认为"积极自由"最终会走向自由的反面,导致人自由的丧失,而只有"消极自由"才能确保人的自由和权利。弗洛姆从人的发展与潜能实现的角度认为,"积极自由"在逻辑上已包含了"消极自由","消极自由"是实现"积极自由"的必要条件,但只有"积极自由"才能保障人之自由的全面实现。这是弗洛姆对伯林等西方自由主义的最好回应。弗洛姆的"积极自由"更符合人的本性,更能代表人类发展的趋势和要求。
[Abstract]:Fromm's distinction between "positive freedom" and "negative freedom" has important ethical and political significance. The essence of its concept of freedom is to oppose the external authority through the development of human's essential power, to advocate the realization of real freedom through the development of human's own development and the improvement of social conditions, and to strive for the free development of human beings. The essence of Berlin's concept of liberty is to prevent the invasion of authority, to get rid of any form of bondage, and to embody the sacred belief in the inviolability of minimum personal freedom. Berlin criticizes Fromm's "positive Freedom" in the Theory of Freedom. He believes that "positive Freedom" will eventually lead to the reverse of freedom, leading to the loss of human freedom, and that only "negative Freedom" can ensure human freedom and rights. Fromm believes that "positive freedom" logically includes "negative freedom", and that "negative freedom" is the necessary condition for realizing "positive freedom" from the perspective of human development and realization of potential. But only positive freedom can guarantee the full realization of human freedom. This is Fromm's best response to Western liberalism such as Berlin. Fromm's "positive Freedom" is more in line with human nature, more representative of the trend and requirements of human development.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学政治经济学院;
【分类号】：B82-051

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