传统向现代转型视域下的公共道德的辨析及构建

发布时间：2018-11-14 09:12

【摘要】：近代以来,以梁启超为代表的我国思想界展开了公德与私德的争论。梁启超认为,无论公德、私德,本质都在于为公共利益服务,他试图以构建公德来促使个人为国家和民族的利益献身,而将公德的培育又纳入私德范围,强调个体的道德实践。梁启超的公德观以日本的公德思想为中介,有其西方思想的渊源。在社会契约论的基础上,边沁首次提出私人伦理与公共伦理的区分,密尔进一步将之发展为个人道德与社会道德。公共道德是不同于私人道德的外在规范,主要由社会制裁加以维护,其培育则依靠国家引导。中国古代的公共道德理论是强调理想与现实相统一的应用哲学,把公共道德看作是一种指导处理人与人之间关系的生活艺术。在这一视野下,由于商业在当代经济活动中居主导地位,因此我们必须以商业中的契约原则为核心,通过社会监督和国家引导,在上层建筑的领域中构建公共道德。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, the debate between public morality and private morality has been launched in the field of thought represented by Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao believes that the essence of public morality and private morality is to serve the public interest. He tries to construct public morality to urge individuals to devote themselves to the interests of the country and the nation, and to bring the cultivation of public morality into the scope of private morality, emphasizing the individual's moral practice. Liang Qichao's concept of public morality is mediated by Japanese thought of public morality and has its origin in western thought. On the basis of the theory of social contract, Bentham proposed for the first time the distinction between private ethics and public ethics, which Mill further developed into personal morality and social morality. Public morality, which is different from private morality, is mainly maintained by social sanctions, and its cultivation depends on the guidance of the state. The theory of public morality in ancient China is an applied philosophy which emphasizes the unity of ideal and reality, and regards public morality as a kind of life art which can guide and deal with the relationship between people. From this perspective, because of the dominant position of commerce in contemporary economic activities, we must take the contract principle of commerce as the core, and construct public morality in the field of superstructure through social supervision and state guidance.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学人文学院;
【分类号】：B822

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