基因增强技术的伦理问题探究
发布时间：2018-12-17 19:58
【摘要】：人类增强的工具和方法随着科学技术的发展和进步变得越来越进步,基因干预的时间也越来越提前,人类如今甚至可以将增强手段应用于未出世的下一代,我们希望通过完善自身及后代的基因从根本上实现人类的增强,而基因增强技术正是这样一种可以帮助我们实现这一目的的技术。然而,基因增强技术在造福我们人类的时候,也成了社会关注的焦点,产生了各种各样的社会道德伦理问题,引发了社会激烈与广泛的讨论。本论文分析和讨论的是有关基因增强技术可能引发的社会伦理问题。全文由四部分组成。第一部分阐述了基因增强研究的目的,国内外此领域学者的研究成果以及研究方法。论文指出基因增强技术一方面将会使人类实现优化自身的目的,另一方面也会带来种种危害;论文对国内的相关领域的文献资料进行了整理,分析和借鉴中外学者的研究成果及其研究不足;论文采用文献分析法、归纳分析法、比较分析法和跨学科研究法。第二部分对基因增强技术的概念进行了探讨,指出基因增强将产生生理增强、心理增强、认知增强和体貌特征增强四种类型的可能效果。在分析疾病、健康、正常等基本概念的基础上,探讨了医学目的基因增强和非医学目的基因增强的相关划分,基因增强与基因治疗之间的联系与区别。第三部分探讨基因增强技术可能带来的社会伦理问题,主要是安全性、隐私与歧视、公平性和人的主体价值问题。论文通过对基因增强伦理问题的剖析,阐明基因增强技术本身并不是不道德的。我们不能够一味地反对其研究与发展,随着社会和科学的进步,法律和伦理的发展,基因增强技术所产生的道德伦理问题会逐步得到解决。第四部分研究规范基因增强技术的伦理原则与对策。论文提出要坚持不伤害原则,知情同意原则,保密原则和公正原则;提高科技工作者的伦理道德意识,提供相应的法律保障,加强伦理委员会的监督指导,提高政府的宏观调控力度和提高公众的参与能力与舆论监督力度。
[Abstract]:The tools and methods of human enhancement become more and more advanced with the development and progress of science and technology, and the time of genetic intervention is also getting earlier and earlier, and human beings can now even apply the means of enhancement to the unborn next generation. We want to improve the genes of our own and future generations to achieve the fundamental enhancement of human beings, and gene enhancement technology is such a technology that can help us achieve this goal. However, when gene enhancement technology benefits human beings, it also becomes the focus of social attention, which has caused a variety of social moral and ethical issues, and triggered a heated and widespread discussion in society. This paper analyzes and discusses the possible social ethical issues arising from gene enhancement techniques. The full text consists of four parts. The first part describes the purpose of gene enhancement research, domestic and foreign scholars in this field research results and research methods. On the one hand, gene enhancement technology will make people realize the goal of optimizing themselves, on the other hand, it will bring all kinds of harm. This paper analyzes and draws lessons from the research results of Chinese and foreign scholars and their deficiencies, and adopts the methods of literature analysis, inductive analysis, comparative analysis and interdisciplinary research. In the second part, the concept of gene enhancement is discussed, and it is pointed out that gene enhancement will produce four possible effects: physiological enhancement, psychological enhancement, cognitive enhancement and physical enhancement. On the basis of analyzing the basic concepts of disease, health and normality, this paper discusses the correlation between medical purpose gene enhancement and non-medical purpose gene enhancement, and the relationship and difference between gene enhancement and gene therapy. The third part discusses the possible social ethical issues brought about by gene enhancement technology, including security, privacy and discrimination, fairness and human subject value. By analyzing the ethical problems of gene enhancement, this paper clarifies that gene enhancement technology itself is not immoral. We cannot blindly oppose its research and development. With the progress of society and science, the development of law and ethics, the moral and ethical problems arising from gene enhancement technology will be solved step by step. The fourth part studies the ethical principles and countermeasures of standardizing gene enhancement technology. The paper proposes to adhere to the principle of no harm, informed consent principle, confidentiality principle and fair principle; To improve the ethical and moral consciousness of the scientific and technological workers, to provide the corresponding legal guarantee, to strengthen the supervision and guidance of the ethics committee, to improve the government's macro-control, and to enhance the public's ability to participate in the work and the supervision by public opinion.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B82-05
本文编号：2384725
[Abstract]:The tools and methods of human enhancement become more and more advanced with the development and progress of science and technology, and the time of genetic intervention is also getting earlier and earlier, and human beings can now even apply the means of enhancement to the unborn next generation. We want to improve the genes of our own and future generations to achieve the fundamental enhancement of human beings, and gene enhancement technology is such a technology that can help us achieve this goal. However, when gene enhancement technology benefits human beings, it also becomes the focus of social attention, which has caused a variety of social moral and ethical issues, and triggered a heated and widespread discussion in society. This paper analyzes and discusses the possible social ethical issues arising from gene enhancement techniques. The full text consists of four parts. The first part describes the purpose of gene enhancement research, domestic and foreign scholars in this field research results and research methods. On the one hand, gene enhancement technology will make people realize the goal of optimizing themselves, on the other hand, it will bring all kinds of harm. This paper analyzes and draws lessons from the research results of Chinese and foreign scholars and their deficiencies, and adopts the methods of literature analysis, inductive analysis, comparative analysis and interdisciplinary research. In the second part, the concept of gene enhancement is discussed, and it is pointed out that gene enhancement will produce four possible effects: physiological enhancement, psychological enhancement, cognitive enhancement and physical enhancement. On the basis of analyzing the basic concepts of disease, health and normality, this paper discusses the correlation between medical purpose gene enhancement and non-medical purpose gene enhancement, and the relationship and difference between gene enhancement and gene therapy. The third part discusses the possible social ethical issues brought about by gene enhancement technology, including security, privacy and discrimination, fairness and human subject value. By analyzing the ethical problems of gene enhancement, this paper clarifies that gene enhancement technology itself is not immoral. We cannot blindly oppose its research and development. With the progress of society and science, the development of law and ethics, the moral and ethical problems arising from gene enhancement technology will be solved step by step. The fourth part studies the ethical principles and countermeasures of standardizing gene enhancement technology. The paper proposes to adhere to the principle of no harm, informed consent principle, confidentiality principle and fair principle; To improve the ethical and moral consciousness of the scientific and technological workers, to provide the corresponding legal guarantee, to strengthen the supervision and guidance of the ethics committee, to improve the government's macro-control, and to enhance the public's ability to participate in the work and the supervision by public opinion.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B82-05
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 姜力骏;生殖细胞基因增强技术的伦理争议与对策[J];医学与哲学;2004年08期
2 ;[J];;年期
相关会议论文 前2条
1 文博;;关于基因增强这一技术手段的伦理问题争议[A];第二届中国科技哲学及交叉学科研究生论坛论文集（硕士卷）[C];2008年
2 周正富;潘婕;陈明;张维;王劲;林敏;;耐辐射异常球菌irrE基因增强细胞耐盐能力的蛋白组学分析[A];2008年中国微生物学会学术年会论文摘要集[C];2008年
相关重要报纸文章 前1条
1 本报记者 刘霞;基因增强的奥运会能否到来[N];科技日报;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 徐莎;基因增强技术的伦理问题探究[D];天津医科大学;2016年
2 冯常娜;关于基因增强技术的伦理问题研究[D];武汉科技大学;2011年
，本文编号：2384725
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/falvlunlilunwen/2384725.html
