伦理视野下动物福利思想研究

发布时间：2019-03-08 10:44

【摘要】：保持人与动物和谐相处维持生态平衡已经成为当今世界的主题之一,伦理学在考量动物在社会中的地位以及以何种方式对待动物的问题上都起着非常重要的作用。动物福利并不等同于一般意义上的动物保护,动物福利更加重视和尊重动物的生存权利,以此为基础促进人与自然和谐共生,本课题的研究是为了促进我国动物福利概念的普及,为更好的实现我国动物生产产业经济效益、生态效益和社会效益协调统一,突破国际上其他国家和组织设置的动物制品交易的贸易壁垒。目前动物福利已成为人们越来越关注的话题,端正动物福利保护的理念就显得尤为重要,动物福利的核心是要满足动物的基本生理、心理需要,科学并合理地饲养动物对待动物,同时保障动物的健康快乐,减少动物的痛苦,使动物和人类和谐相处。当然动物福利并不能等同于动物权利,二者是有本质的区别,动物福利旨在强调的是利用动物的过程中对动物个体的整体保护,与动物需求、动物健康、动物伦理有着密切的关系。发展到现阶段,动物福利成为一门多学科渗透的交叉型新型学科。从动物福利的起源分析,基本已经完成能从单一反对虐待动物到全面提高动物生存质量的变化历程。本文首先阐述了动物福利概念及其存在的意义,联系动物福利和生态伦理、动物伦理的观念对其进行分析,其次梳理了西方哲学史上关于动物伦理的学说的演进过程主,要分析主流学派中关于动物伦理与动物福利思想的内容区分,动物主体论与动物客体论的区别并分析二者的优缺点,同时对我国传统文化中儒家的尊重、爱护生命的生态思想,与道家的万物平等的生态思想进行分析,再次分析我国动物福利的现状。在我国动物福利保护的现状不容乐观,导致其发展缓慢的原因主要归结为:动物保护法方面的缺陷、执法方面的缺陷、保护动物理念的缺陷,以及现实中存在许多不法对待动物的行为难以制止,针对这些原因提出相应的解决方案:主要是从消费者方面杜绝消费珍稀野生动物及其制品;拒绝购买生产、饲养、运输、屠宰环节中有不法对待动物及其制品的现象;对待娱乐动物要给予合理的生存环境,要在其可以接受的训练范围内进行训练;拒绝残忍对待娱乐动物以达到盈利目的;提高我国兽医行业的职业道德水平;从监管角度增强监管部门执法人员的执法力度以及专业知识水平。要深刻认识到实施动物福利不仅是为了动物,更是为了人类自身的发展,为了和自然更加良好有序的相处。所以我国势必要顺应这一趋势,坚持可持续发展保护生态环境,加快推进动物福利事业的发展和实施。
[Abstract]:Maintaining harmony between man and animal and maintaining ecological balance has become one of the themes in the world nowadays. Ethics plays a very important role in considering the status of animals in society and the way in which animals are treated. Animal welfare is not the same as animal protection in the general sense. Animal welfare pays more attention to and respects the right to exist of animals, on the basis of which, it promotes harmonious coexistence between man and nature. The purpose of this study is to promote the popularization of the concept of animal welfare in our country, and to achieve better economic, ecological and social benefits of animal production industry in China. Break through the trade barriers set up by other countries and organizations in the international trade in animal products. At present, animal welfare has become a more and more concerned topic. It is particularly important to correct the concept of animal welfare protection. The core of animal welfare is to meet the basic physiological and psychological needs of animals. Raise animals scientifically and reasonably to treat them, protect their health and happiness, reduce animal suffering, and make animals and humans live in harmony. Of course, animal welfare can not be equated with animal rights, they are essentially different. Animal welfare aims to emphasize the overall protection of individual animals in the process of utilizing animals, and animal needs, animal health, Animal ethics is closely related. At present, animal welfare has become a new interdisciplinary subject. From the origin analysis of animal welfare, we have basically completed the course of change from single anti-animal abuse to improving animal quality of life in an all-round way. This paper firstly expounds the concept of animal welfare and its meaning of existence, analyzes the concept of animal welfare and ecological ethics, and analyzes the concept of animal ethics. Secondly, it combs the evolution process of the theory of animal ethics in the history of western philosophy. It is necessary to analyze the distinction between animal ethics and animal welfare in the mainstream school, the difference between animal subject theory and animal object theory, and the advantages and disadvantages of them. At the same time, the ecological thought of respecting Confucianism and protecting life in the traditional culture of our country should be analyzed. The ecological thought of equality of all things with Taoism is analyzed, and the present situation of animal welfare in China is analyzed again. The present situation of animal welfare protection in our country is not optimistic. The reasons for its slow development are as follows: the defect of animal protection law, the defect of law enforcement and the defect of animal protection idea. And there are a lot of illegal treatment of animals in reality is difficult to stop, in view of these reasons put forward corresponding solutions: mainly from the consumer side to eliminate the consumption of rare wildlife and its products; Refuse to purchase production, feeding, transportation, slaughtering in the illegal treatment of animals and their products; treat recreational animals should be given a reasonable living environment, should be within the scope of training that they can accept; Refuse cruel treatment to entertain animals in order to achieve profit; improve the professional ethics of our country's veterinary industry; strengthen the law enforcement and professional knowledge level of law enforcement officers from the perspective of supervision. It is necessary to realize that animal welfare is not only for animals, but also for the development of human beings and better and orderly relations with nature. Therefore, China is bound to comply with this trend, adhere to sustainable development to protect the ecological environment, accelerate the development and implementation of animal welfare.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-05

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