人大代表人身特别保护权制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 11:32

本文关键词： 人大代表人身特别保护权许可审查程序　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国,人民代表大会制度是以各级人民代表大会为核心,保障人民当家做主的根本政治制度。各级人民代表大会作为国家权力机关,是汇集民意的平台。人大代表由人民依法选举产生,代表着人民的意志和利益,承担着代表人民参与国家管理的重任。保证国家权力机关的有效运作,充分发挥人民代表大会制度的优越性,就需要积极发挥人大代表作为国家权力机关组成人员的作用,保障人大代表依法履行代表职责。由此,为人大代表依法履职提供必要的保障就应属必然。人身自由是人大代表依法履行代表职责、发挥代表作用的首要条件。因此,保障人大代表依法履职,首要的就是要保障人大代表的人身自由。人身特别保护权制度是一项发源于英国,并随着近代民主法治的不断推进而为世界各民主国家普遍认可的制度。该制度设立的目的在于保障代议制政体中民意代表的人身自由不被肆意限制和剥夺,进而保障代议机关正常运作,维护代议机关的权威。我国于1954年宪法中初步确立人身特别保护权制度,至今已有63年的历史。本文通过探索人身特别保护权制度的起源和发展,厘清了人身特别保护权的价值;通过对现行法律规范的文本分析,剖析人大代表人身特别保护权制度的具体内容,进而发现该制度的不足之处;通过比较研究,学习并借鉴域外民主发达国家相对精确的法律设计,提出相应的完善人大代表人身特别保护权制度的措施,以期我国的民主法制建设更加成熟。本文包括以下四部分:第一部分,人大代表人身特别保护权的理论渊源。该部分主要分析了人身特别保护权的含义,探索了人身特别保护权的起源、在世界范围内的发展以及在我国的发展历程,进而研究了人身特别保护权的价值。第二部分,人大代表人身特别保护权的文本分析。主要分析了我国现行法律规范对人身特别保护权的规定:首先,分析人身特别保护权的适用对象,包括对县级以上各级人大代表实行逮捕、刑事审判或其他限制人身自由的事前许可制度和对乡镇人大代表实行逮捕、刑事审判或其他限制人身自由的事后报告制度;其次,分析人身特别保护权的适用时间;再次,分析人身特别保护权的适用范围,包括逮捕、刑事审判、法律规定的其他限制人身自由的措施,因现行犯被拘留的除外;再次,适用中的许可程序,包括提请许可主体、许可审查机关和许可审查程序。通过对现行法律规范的文本分析,力求发现法律规范的不足之处及实践中遭遇的问题。第三部分,人大代表人身特别保护权制度存在的问题。主要体现在:第一,人大主席团或者人大常委会的许可审查存在问题。表现在许可审查在实践中操作性不强、许可权被下放于人大常委会主任会议、身兼多级人大代表如何许可缺乏法律规定以及对县级以上人大代表和乡级人大代表区别对待。第二,由于缺乏相应的程序性规范,导致各地许可审查实践不一。第三,人身特别保护权缺乏救济机制,导致涉案代表或提请机关对许可审查结果存在异议无法救济。第四,人大代表对人身特别保护权的认识存在偏差,导致出现滥用人身特别保护权的现象。第四部分,人大代表人身特别保护权制度的完善。针对该制度出现的问题提出具体的完善措施,主要包括:规范人身特别保护权的主体范围、事项范围、时间范围;规范人身特别保护权的许可审查程序;在借鉴国外经验的基础上建立相应救济机制;通过提高代表资格条件选举高素质人大代表,同时,加强人大代表对人身特别保护权的认识,杜绝权利滥用现象。
[Abstract]:In our country, the system of people's Congress is to the people's congresses at all levels as the core, the fundamental political system to safeguard the people's masters. People's congresses as the state organ, is the collection of public opinion platform. By the people's deputies are elected according to law, representing the people's will and interests, bear the responsibility on behalf of the people's participation national management. Ensure the efficient operation of the organs of state power, give full play to the superiority of the people's Congress system, you need to actively play the National People's Congress as the state organ staff, the NPC deputies perform their duties on behalf of the law. Thus, for the deputies to perform their duties according to law shall provide the necessary protection of personal freedom is inevitable. The deputies perform their duties as deputies according to law, the first condition to play a representative role. Therefore, the NPC deputies to perform their duties according to law, the first is to guarantee The National People's Congress on behalf of the freedom of the person. The special protection of the right person is a system originated in England, and with the continuous promotion of modern democracy and the rule of law for all countries in the world generally accepted the democratic system. The purpose of setting up the system is to protect the representative of representative government in the freedom of the person by wanton restriction and deprivation, and security the representative organs of normal operation, maintenance of representative authority. In 1954 our country constitution established special protection for personal rights system, has been 63 years of history. This paper explores the origin and development of special protection for personal rights system, clarifies the special protection of the right person's value; through the analysis of the current text the legal norms, the NPC Representative analysis of specific content of special protection for personal rights system, and find the shortcomings of the system; through the comparative study, learning and learning from foreign developed countries on the essence of democracy The legal design, put forward to improve the people's Congress special protection for personal rights system, in order to the construction of democratic legal system of our country is more mature. This paper includes the following four parts: the first part, the theoretical origin of NPC special protection for personal rights. This part mainly analyzes the meaning of special protection for personal rights. To explore the origin of the special protection of the right person, in the world of development and development in China, and then studied the special protection of the right person's value. The second part, the text analysis of NPC special protection for personal rights. The main analysis of the provisions of the special protection for personal rights of our current laws and regulations country: first, analysis of applicable object of special protection for personal rights, including the implementation of the arrest of all levels of the people's Congress at or above the county level, the criminal trial or other restriction of personal freedom and the ex ante licensing system of Township People's Congress. The arrest, criminal trial or other restriction of personal freedom of the reporting system; secondly, analysis the time for special protection for personal rights; thirdly, analysis the scope of application, the special protection of the right person including arrest, criminal trial, other restrictions of personal freedom prescribed by law measures, with the exception of criminal detention; again, licensing procedures in the application, including the subject for permission, permission and license review authority review process. Through the analysis of the text of the existing legal norms, in order to find out the problems encountered and deficiencies of legal norms in practice. In the third part, NPC special protection for personal rights system problems. Mainly reflected in first, existing license examination Bureau of the people's Congress or its Standing Committee. In the licensing examination in practice is not strong, licensing authority is decentralized in the Standing Committee Director of the meeting, a multistage National People's Congress on how to permit the lack of legal provisions and the deputies at or above the county level and Township People's Congress distinction. Second, due to the lack of procedural norms, leading to a licensing examination practice. Third, the special protection of the right person is lack of relief mechanism, involving representatives or lead to the attention of the authorities to license examination results objection cannot remedy fourth, some mistakes in the understanding of the deputies of the special protection of the right person, leading to the emergence of the phenomenon of abuse of special protection for personal rights. In the fourth part, the NPC Representative perfect special protection for personal rights system. The system of needle problem put forward specific improvement measures, including the standard of personal protection scope right, the scope and time scope; specification of special protection for personal rights licensing examination procedures; establish the corresponding relief mechanism on the basis of foreign experience by providing; At the same time, the representatives of high quality people's Congress are elected on high representative qualifications. At the same time, the representatives of the people's Congress should strengthen their understanding of the right to special protection of the person and eliminate the abuse of rights.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D622

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