蒙古国永久中立政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 11:52

本文关键词： 蒙古国永久中立外交政策　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：蒙古国是世界上具有悠久历史的游牧国家之一。蒙古国的北邻拥有着全世界最为辽阔的领士,是拥有核武器并且正在走向复兴的国度;其南邻拥有着全世界最多的人口,是拥有核武器、经济正在飞速前进的最大的发展中国家,而且这两大邻国又都是持有各自独立自主的特殊政策与立场的大国。可以说蒙古国在全世界各国范围内,拥有着独一无二的特殊地缘政治地位。冷战结束后,国际体系发生了巨大变化,国际关系和外交政策也随之进行调整。在这种国际关系巨大变化的背景之下,蒙古国实现了政治和外交上的自主独立。在近几年中,蒙古国的对外关系基本实现了《对外政策构想》中"多支点"的外交布局,除了与中俄两国关系紧密发展之外,包括美国、日本、韩国、欧盟、欧安会、北约等国家和国际组织都成为蒙古国重要的"第三邻国"。现实性和平衡性已经成为蒙古国对外关系的鲜明特点。于2015年9月7日,蒙古国总统查·额勒贝格道尔吉提出蒙古国实施永久中立政策的建议。2015年9月29日,蒙古国在第70届联合国大会上宣布,将实行永久中立政策,希望成为永久中立国,并呼吁国际社会各方予以认可和支持。这无疑是蒙古国对外关系史的一个重要里程碑。2016年初,《蒙古国永久中立法》正式出台,标志着蒙古国永久中立政策正式以法律的形式确定实施。永久中立法律草案规定:蒙古国只在战争和武装冲突情况下奉行中立国地位,并且不妨碍蒙古国与世界各国所签署的条约和协定。蒙古国永久中立政策的实施不仅对蒙古国国内产生巨大影响,同时也将对中蒙俄三国甚至整个亚太地区今后的地缘政治发展造成深远的影响。在国际形势动荡,国际格局快速变化不可预知的今天,中立国地位可以为本国的国家安全与国民利益提供了一个不可多得的政策的安全保证。蒙古国实施永久中立政策,不仅会获得的良好名誉和国际地位,而且符合该国现有的国家安全利益。因此,研究蒙古国的永久中立政策就显得十分重要。蒙古国永久中立政策是怎样的,它在未来将以何种趋势发展?这个过程又会带来怎样的结果呢?对蒙古国好处在哪里?这都是我们即将大为关注的问题。本文围绕蒙古国永久中立地位和政策这一轴心,以上述问题为出发点,以蒙古国永久中立政策的原因及发展趋势等为线索,对蒙古国的永久中立国问题进行全面的梳理和阐述,通过系统的论述和解析,力图解答上述问题,并使它们以及其他一些相关的问题通过不同视角有机地融为一体。
[Abstract]:Mongolia is one of the world has a long history of nomadic country. Mongolia in the north with the most vast Lingshi around the world, has nuclear weapons and are heading to the revival of the country; the South have the largest population in the world, is the possession of nuclear weapons, is undergoing rapid economic progress of the largest developing country, and the two neighbors are also held their independent special policy and the position of the country. We can say that Mongolia's countries all over the world, has a special geopolitical position. The one and only after the end of the cold war, great changes have taken place in the international system, international relations and foreign policy also adjusted under the huge change. The background of international relations, Mongolia country to achieve the political and diplomatic independence. In recent years, Mongolia's foreign relations in the basic realization of the "foreign policy concept"" "The multi pivot diplomacy, in addition to relations with China and Russia close development, including the United States, Japan, South Korea, the European Union, OSCE, NATO and other countries and international organizations have become Mongolia's important" third neighbor ". Reality and balance has become the distinctive characteristics of Mongolia foreign relations. On September 7, 2015. Mongolia's president Char Elbegdorj proposed the implementation of the policy of permanent neutrality of Mongolia's proposed.2015 in September 29th, Mongolia announced at the seventieth session of the UN General Assembly, will implement the policy of permanent neutrality, hope to become permanent in the country, and called on the international community parties acknowledge and support. This is undoubtedly an important milepost.2016 history of international relations in Mongolia at the beginning of the year, Mongolia's permanent < > in legislation was promulgated, marking Mongolia's official policy of permanent neutrality in the form of law to determine the implementation of the draft law in legislative provisions permanent: Mongolia's only pursue a neutral country status in war and armed conflict situations, treaties and agreements and does not interfere with the state of Mongolia and the world. The implementation of the Mongolia signed a permanent neutrality policy not only exert an enormous influence on the country of Mongolia, but also for the future development of Geopolitics in Mongolia and Russia even throughout the Asia Pacific region has far-reaching the impact in turmoil in the international situation, the international situation changes unpredictable today, neutral status can provide security guarantees a rare policy for national security and national interests of the country. With the implementation of Mongolia policy of permanent neutrality, will not only get good reputation and international status, and conform to the existing the interests of national security. Therefore, the research of Mongolia's policy of permanent neutrality is very important. Mongolia's policy of permanent neutrality is how, how it will be in the future A trend of development? This process will bring what kind of results? On the Mongolia's benefits? This is our upcoming concern. This paper focuses on the axis position and policy in Mongolia permanent neutrality, to the above issues as a starting point, to Mongolia's policy of permanent neutrality and development trend as a clue, the problem of permanent neutrality of Mongolia's comprehensive analysis and elaboration, through systematic discussion and analysis, tries to answer these questions, and make them and some other related problems through different perspectives organically into a body.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D731.1

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