后工业时期英国政府对第二产业的政策分析

发布时间：2018-03-16 04:10

本文选题：后工业社会　切入点：英国　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英国曾是世界经济强国,后来因为二战的打击,国家经济走向衰落。本篇论文旨在研究后工业时代英国第二产业的发展以及政府的相关政策,并对这些政策的有效性进行评价,从而更好地了解英国政府如何应对后工业时代的各类挑战及问题,且对其他正处于工业化的国家和即将步入工业化的国家有何重大启示。以往的研究,包括对后工业理论的研究,对英国第二产业的分析,英国政治和经济政策列举分析,以及对其他后工业国家的讨论。为本文提供了良好的学术研究基础,然而,现有的论文几乎未对英国后工业时代下第二产业的政策进行比较全面和系统的分析。因此,本文对英国第二产业的发展以及相关政策进行了梳理和总结,明确了其发展脉络。本文所涉及到的方法论包括对第二产业纵向发展的分析,并采用了定量分析,定性分析及历史分析法。具体而言,本文首先对后工业社会和第二产业进行定义,奠定了全文讨论的基础。接着,陈述了后工业社会早期,英国所遇到的各类问题和挑战,包括发展缓慢的第二产业、国有化、强大的工会以及落后供应链。随后探讨了各届政府时期,英国第二产业的发展和相关政策,并对相关政策做出评价。1979-1997年保守党时期,英国第二产业发展遇到瓶颈。保守党政策制定政策将其带入正轨,采取私有化和税制改革,并伴随工会和货币改革,为以后的政府奠定了政策基础,改变了英国第二产业的国际地位。本文以煤炭产业为例进行了具体分析。1997-2010年新工党时期,第二产业经济地位逐步稳定。相比数量而言,工党更重视质量,从而鼓励公司的发展和创新,开启创业产业,为第二产业提供了健康友好的环境,也使英国产品步入高端行列。2010年至今,处于联合政府和保守党时期,第二产业逐步恢复,进入成熟阶段。英国启动了再工业化,关注绿色经济,实行经济外交,强化了英国在高端市场的优势,本文也以其汽车产业为例进行分析。总而言之,如今的英国虽然无法重现日不落帝国时期的辉煌,但得益于政府政策的应对和不断调整,其第二产业仍保持着一定的竞争优势。分析并探讨相关政策的有效性,从中汲取经验,对英国自身及其他国家都具有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Britain was once a world economic power, but the country's economy declined as a result of the second World War. This paper aims to study the development of Britain's secondary industry in the post-industrial era and the related policies of the government, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. To better understand how the British government responds to the challenges and problems of the post-industrial era, and what significant implications it has for other industrialized countries and countries on the threshold of industrialization. It includes the study of post-industrial theory, the analysis of British secondary industry, the enumeration and analysis of British political and economic policy, and the discussion of other post-industrial countries. There is almost no comprehensive and systematic analysis of the policies of the secondary industry in the post-industrial era of Britain. Therefore, this paper summarizes the development of the secondary industry and the related policies in the United Kingdom. The methodology involved in this paper includes the analysis of the vertical development of the secondary industry, and the quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and historical analysis. This paper first defines the post-industrial society and the secondary industry, and lays the foundation for the full discussion. Then, it describes the problems and challenges encountered by Britain in the early post-industrial society, including the slow development of the secondary industry and nationalization. Strong trade unions and backward supply chains. Then it explores the development and related policies of the British secondary industry during each government period, and evaluates the relevant policies during the Conservative Party period from 1979 to 1997. Britain's secondary industry has encountered a bottleneck. The Conservative Party's policy formulation put it on the right track, with privatization and tax reform, accompanied by trade union and currency reforms, which laid the policy foundation for the future government. This paper takes the coal industry as an example to make a concrete analysis. During the period of the New Labour Party from 1997 to 2010, the economic status of the secondary industry is gradually stable. Compared with the quantity, the Labor Party pays more attention to the quality. Thus encouraging the development and innovation of the company, opening up the entrepreneurial industry, providing a healthy and friendly environment for the secondary industry, and bringing British products to the high end. Since 2010, during the period of the coalition government and the Conservative Party, the secondary industry has gradually recovered. Britain has begun to reindustrialize, pay attention to the green economy, implement economic diplomacy, and strengthen the advantages of Britain in the high-end market. This paper also takes its automobile industry as an example to analyze. Although Britain is unable to recreate the splendor of the imperial period, but thanks to the response and constant adjustment of government policy, its secondary industry still maintains a certain competitive advantage. This paper analyzes and discusses the effectiveness of relevant policies, and draws lessons from them. For Britain itself and other countries have important reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D756.1

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