新南非排外事件研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 21:01

本文选题：南非 + 排外事件　；参考：《苏州科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1994年新南非成立,南非进入了一个新的历史发展阶段。在政治方面表现为以黑人为主体的非国大党连续执政、国内政局稳定,但受种族因素影响,政治版图黑白分明;在经济方面表现为经济发展迅速,部分黑人的经济地位得到了提高,黑人中产阶级正在崛起。但大多数黑人依然深陷贫穷,且经济发展不平衡、贫富悬殊。作为一个移民国家,非法移民的大量涌入,加剧了南非的社会问题,促使移民政策也发生了转变,从允许自由进出转变为严格限制。但移民法规在执行过程中存在很多问题,加上南非经济发达,无法阻止非法移民的大量涌入。在上述背景下,针对外籍黑人移民的排外事件频频发生。其中以2008年和2015年排外骚乱规模最大,影响也最为恶劣。在这一系列排外事件中,可以很明显地发现,自新南非成立以来,排外事件多次发生,十分频繁。其发展趋势呈波浪型,分别于2008年与2015年时达到顶峰。同时,排外事件多发生在国内政治、经济中心城市附近的贫民区。因此,外籍黑人移民成为了主要受害者,黑人仇视并攻击黑人成为了南非排外事件的一大特点。新南非成立以来排外事件为何屡禁不绝?本文认为孕育和助推骚乱的主要原因包括以下四点:第一,下层民众普遍贫穷,且失业率高。相比之下,外籍黑人移民却深受中小企业主的青睐。因此,下层黑人民众将自身的贫穷归咎于是外来移民的竞争;第二,仇外心理及其暴力文化传统。在暴力文化传统的影响下,南非的仇外心理几乎从一开始就脱离了单纯的恐惧和厌恶,上升为暴力袭击阶段;第三,某些媒体的报道往往有失公正。长期的负面报道加剧了下层民众对外籍黑人的不满,为该国的仇外心理煽风点火;第四,部分权力机构代言人的排外言行。政府内部存在着强大的排外势力。地方政府和政客公开歧视、不公正对待甚至是虐待非洲移民,政府高官也常在公开场合发表排外言论。那么该采取哪些措施来尽可能地降低其爆发的频度和烈度呢?本文认为,首先,非国大政府要勇于承认国内暴力事件的排外性质。其次,在处理相关问题的过程中,南非政府要采取及时的应对措施。事后,要严惩施暴者,使其受到应有的惩罚。同时,若想降低排外骚乱发生的频次和烈度,应当从矫正某些官方人士和媒体的导向性言论入手,他们在历次的排外事件中扮演了不该扮演的角色。最后,在经济方面,南非政府在努力加快经济增长,提高就业率的同时,继续执行扶助黑人的经济社会发展计划,缩小黑人与白人,黑人与黑人之间的贫富差距;在政治方面,在南共体内部加强与邻国的移民问题对话机制,积极面对移民问题,而不是一味地实行限制移民的政策。
[Abstract]:New South Africa was founded in 1994, and South Africa entered a new stage of historical development. In the political aspect, the non-Congress party with black as the main body has been in power continuously, the domestic political situation is stable, but affected by the racial factors, the political territory is black and white. In the economic aspect, the economy is developing rapidly. The economic status of some black people has been improved, and the black middle class is rising. But the majority of blacks remain mired in poverty, with uneven economic development and a wide gap between the rich and the poor. As an immigrant country, the influx of illegal immigrants has exacerbated South Africa's social problems and led to a shift in immigration policy, from allowing free access to strict restrictions. But immigration laws have many problems in their enforcement, and South Africa's booming economy has been unable to stop the influx of illegal immigrants. Against the above background, xenophobia against foreign black immigrants occurs frequently. In 2008 and 2015, the largest scale of xenophobic riots, the worst impact. In this series of xenophobic incidents, it can be clearly found that since the founding of the new South Africa, xenophobia has occurred many times, very frequently. Its development trend is wave type, reached its peak in 2008 and 2015 respectively. At the same time, xenophobia often occurs in domestic political and economic centers near the slums of cities. As a result, expatriate black immigrants became the main victims, and black hatred and attacks against blacks became a major feature of South Africa's xenophobia. Why are the incidents of exclusion from foreign affairs repeated since the founding of the new South Africa? This paper argues that the main causes of the riots include the following four points: first, the underclass are generally poor and have a high unemployment rate. By contrast, expatriate black immigrants are favored by small and medium-sized business owners. As a result, the lower black people blame their poverty on the competition of immigrants; second, xenophobia and its cultural tradition of violence. Under the influence of the cultural tradition of violence, xenophobia in South Africa has almost from the beginning gone from pure fear and disgust to violent attacks; third, some media reports are often unfair. Long-term negative reports have exacerbated the discontent of the lower classes against expatriate blacks, stoking xenophobia in the country; fourth, the xenophobic rhetoric of some of the authorities' spokesmen. There are powerful xenophobic forces within the government. Local governments and politicians openly discriminate, treat unjustly and even maltreat African migrants, and senior government officials often make xenophobic statements in public. What measures should be taken to minimize the frequency and intensity of outbreaks? First of all, the ANC government should admit the exclusive nature of domestic violence. Second, in the process of dealing with related issues, the South African government should take timely measures. After the event, the perpetrators should be severely punished, so that they should be punished. At the same time, to reduce the frequency and intensity of xenophobic riots, we should start by correcting some official figures and the media, who have played a role they should not have played in previous xenophobic incidents. Finally, on the economic front, the Government of South Africa, while striving to accelerate economic growth and increase employment rates, has continued to implement economic and social development programmes to help blacks, to narrow the gap between blacks and whites and between blacks and blacks; and in the political sphere, To strengthen the mechanism of dialogue with neighbouring countries on immigration issues within SADC, and to actively face the issue of migration, rather than pursuing a policy of restricting migration.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D747.8;K478.6

【共引文献】